成考高起點英語虛擬語氣誤用辨析
2008-09-26 14:58:37 來源：
1.中文：我要是你，我不會那么做。
（誤）I shouldn't do that if I was you.
（正）I shouldn't do that if I were you.（表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣不能用was，只能用were.）
2.中文：要是我父親現在在這里，他會告訴我該做什么。
（誤）If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do.
（正）If my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.（表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的助動詞只能用would，might等過去時。）
3.中文：要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就會給她打電話了。
（誤）If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her.
（正）If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.（表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞要用過去完成時。）
4.中文：要是昨天沒下雨她也許會來。
（誤）If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.
（正）If it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.（表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的動詞要用助動詞的過去時might，could等＋HAVE＋過去分詞。）
5.中文：我不認為我會失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會再努力。
（誤）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again.
（正）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.（表示與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞用should加原形動詞。）
6.中文：他要是帶了錢就會買它。
（誤）Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it.
（正）Had he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.（表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞要用過去完成時，若省略if，則用倒裝形式。）
7.中文：她要是個男人可能會當選總統。
（誤）Be she a man， she might be elected president.
（正）Were she a man， she might be elected president.（表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，不能用was，只能用were；若省略if，則將were放在句首。）
8.中文：我提議提高教師的薪資。
（誤）I suggested that the teachers' wages could be increased.
（正）I suggested that the teachers' wages should be increased.（suggest當建議講時，后面的名詞從句的主要動詞要用should加原形動詞，should可以省略。）
9.中文：他這么做是重要的。
（誤）It is important that he will do it.
（正）It is important that he do it.（It is important＋that引導的名詞從句的動詞要用should加原形動詞，should可以省略。）
10.中文：他們結婚兩年了。
（誤）They have married for two years.
（正）They have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態的持續，要用完成時的被動式。）
11.中文：他被所有學生嘲笑。
（誤）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動詞＋介詞=及物動詞，變被動語態時介詞不能省略。）
12.中文：英語難學。
（誤）English is difficult to be learned.
（正）English is difficult to learn.（英語難學=學英語難，也可說It's difficult to learn English.原句的主語實際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動形式。）
13.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
（誤）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
14.中文：中國發生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
（正）Great changes have taken place in China.
15.中文：戰爭于一九三七年爆發。
（誤）The war was broken out in 1937.
（正）The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動詞或短語動詞沒有被動語態形式。）
16.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
（誤）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
17.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
（誤）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補語時，若與賓語是被動關系，要用不定式的被動形式。）
18.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
（誤）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動，have無此功能。）
19.中文：據說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
（正）He is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動語態后可接不定式。）
20.中文：那人被認為是個傻子。
（誤）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動作的承受者而不是發出者，用被動語態。）
（誤）I shouldn't do that if I was you.
（正）I shouldn't do that if I were you.（表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣不能用was，只能用were.）
2.中文：要是我父親現在在這里，他會告訴我該做什么。
（誤）If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do.
（正）If my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.（表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的助動詞只能用would，might等過去時。）
3.中文：要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就會給她打電話了。
（誤）If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her.
（正）If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.（表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞要用過去完成時。）
4.中文：要是昨天沒下雨她也許會來。
（誤）If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.
（正）If it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.（表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的動詞要用助動詞的過去時might，could等＋HAVE＋過去分詞。）
5.中文：我不認為我會失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會再努力。
（誤）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again.
（正）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.（表示與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞用should加原形動詞。）
6.中文：他要是帶了錢就會買它。
（誤）Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it.
（正）Had he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.（表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞要用過去完成時，若省略if，則用倒裝形式。）
7.中文：她要是個男人可能會當選總統。
（誤）Be she a man， she might be elected president.
（正）Were she a man， she might be elected president.（表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，不能用was，只能用were；若省略if，則將were放在句首。）
8.中文：我提議提高教師的薪資。
（誤）I suggested that the teachers' wages could be increased.
（正）I suggested that the teachers' wages should be increased.（suggest當建議講時，后面的名詞從句的主要動詞要用should加原形動詞，should可以省略。）
9.中文：他這么做是重要的。
（誤）It is important that he will do it.
（正）It is important that he do it.（It is important＋that引導的名詞從句的動詞要用should加原形動詞，should可以省略。）
10.中文：他們結婚兩年了。
（誤）They have married for two years.
（正）They have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態的持續，要用完成時的被動式。）
11.中文：他被所有學生嘲笑。
（誤）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動詞＋介詞=及物動詞，變被動語態時介詞不能省略。）
12.中文：英語難學。
（誤）English is difficult to be learned.
（正）English is difficult to learn.（英語難學=學英語難，也可說It's difficult to learn English.原句的主語實際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動形式。）
13.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
（誤）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
14.中文：中國發生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
（正）Great changes have taken place in China.
15.中文：戰爭于一九三七年爆發。
（誤）The war was broken out in 1937.
（正）The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動詞或短語動詞沒有被動語態形式。）
16.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
（誤）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
17.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
（誤）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補語時，若與賓語是被動關系，要用不定式的被動形式。）
18.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
（誤）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動，have無此功能。）
19.中文：據說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
（正）He is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動語態后可接不定式。）
20.中文：那人被認為是個傻子。
（誤）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動作的承受者而不是發出者，用被動語態。）
