2011高考英語寫作名師指導

    寫作是英語詞匯、語法和使用英語諸方面能力的真實反應。高考中的書面表達是一種有控制的寫作（controlled writing），或稱有指導的作文 （guided composition）。隨著近年來學生英語水平的提高，高考書面表達的要求也在不斷提高。五年前可以得20分的作文，現在連15分也得不上了。因此，考生必須重視書面表達的備考與應試。

    一、 好作文的具體要求2011全國將有20套左右高考試題，書面表達題的測試形式和所占分數也各有不同。但一般的要求是：根據所給情景，寫一篇100個單詞左右的書面材料；情景包括目的、對象、時間、地點、內容等，提供情景的形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱、短文等。書面表達的要求是：切中題意；語言準確，得當；條理清楚。

    好的作文應達到以下幾點（多數省市要求寫一篇短文，計分25分）：1.要點全面、表達準確、語句連貫，符合交際要求。

    2.能用書寫體熟練清楚地書寫，格式、連筆、詞距、標點正確。

    3.書寫格式、行文及禮貌用語等無嚴重錯誤。

    4.基本語法和常用句型無嚴重錯誤，意思表達清楚。

    5.恰當使用復雜結構、新穎詞匯和順暢連接。

    二、 試評學生真實高考作文得分以下是兩篇從高考學生考卷中選取的作文。請你根據參考答案和評分標準，自己給它們評個分數，這對你了解高考作文的具體要求非常有好處。

    試題：（2007年北京試卷）假設你是李華，要給英國筆友Harry寫封信，介紹你班兩位同學競選班長的過程。請按下圖順序描述。（20分）

    注意：1.信的開頭已為你寫好。2.詞數不少于60.提示詞：競選班長monitor election（二）評分標準：第一檔：（18分~20分）。完全完成了試題規定的任務：覆蓋了所有內容要點；運用了多樣的句式和豐富的詞匯；語法或用詞方面有個別錯誤；有效地使用了語句間的連接成分。

    第二檔：（15分~17分）。完全完成了試題規定的任務：覆蓋了所有內容要點；運用的句式和詞匯能滿足要求；語法和用詞基本準確；使用了簡單的語句間連接成分，所寫內容連貫。

    第三檔：（12分~14分）。基本完成了試題規定的任務：覆蓋了內容要點；運用的句式和詞匯基本滿足任務要求；語法和用詞方面有一些錯誤，但不影響理解。

    第四檔：（6分~11分）。 未恰當完成試題規定的任務：漏掉或未描述清楚主要內容；所用句式和詞匯有限；語法或用詞方面的錯誤影響了對所寫內容的理解。未能清楚地傳達信息。

    第五檔：（1分~5分）。未完成試題規定的任務：明顯遺漏主要內容；句式單調、詞匯貧乏；語法錯誤較多 .第六檔：0分。未能傳達任何信息；所寫內容與要求無關。

    （三）參考答案： One possible version：How are things going？

    Last Monday， our class held a monitor election. This was our first election， so everyone was excited. Two of my classmates took part in the race； Liu Dong and Wang Hong. They each gave a speech telling us what they would do when they were elected. Then we voted for the monitor. The result was 28 to 15 in Wang Hong‘s favor. Wang Hong became our new monitor. The whole class cheered for her， and she promised to do the best she could for us all. Best wishes，Li Hua（四）學生的作文：（1）______分Last Monday， an exciting monitor election was held in my class. The two candidates are Liu Dong and Wang Hong. In the beginning of the election， each of them gave a speech to us and talked about the future plan. Then the most exciting moment came. Every student stood up and walked to the election box to cast a vote to his/her ideal monitor. I thought Wang Hong was well qualified for this position. So I wrote down her name and put my note into the box. Several minutes later， the final result came. Compared to Liu Dong’s 15 votes， Wang Hong got 28 votes and became or monitor. We all congratulated to Wang Hong and believed that she would serve our class heart and soul in the future. What about the monitor election in your class？ I hope that I will receive your reply soon.

    （ 2 ）______分

    Last Monday， we had a monitor election. At the beginning the two candidates， LiuDong and Wang Hong gave us a speech introducing themselves and telling us their plans in the future. Then we had a vote. We wrote down the name of the better one in our mind and put the paper in a box. Then the exciting time came that our teacher counted the number and wrote it on the blackboard. The result was that 28 students who voted Wang Hong， 13 more than the number of students who voted LiuDong， which meaned WangHong was elected as our monitor. Wang is really pretty good. I believe she will be a good monitor.

    （五）得分與啟示

    第一篇得分：19分；第二篇得分：13分。

    啟示：

    1.第一篇得了高分是因為該文內容要點全，符合交際要求、語言地道，有復雜句式，順暢連接和準確用語。

    2.第二篇得了三檔的分數是因為該文雖然內容要點齊全，但語言功底不夠，句式平庸，只會一般詞匯，且有一定語言錯誤。

    3.考生要想得一個高分就一定要注意內容要全，連接要順暢，句式要有變化，符合交際要求。

    三、書面表達應試要領

    1.第一步是仔細審題。重點注意內容要點，寫作對象和交際目的。

    2.要寫草稿，實在沒時間也要寫一個提綱。

    3.確定好時態。轉述別人觀點常用現在時。記敘經常發生的事用一般現在時，描寫過去發生的事用過去時。

    4.不出現中文，不用漢語拼音。不生造中國式的英語。要用你聽過的話來說，用你讀過的句子來寫。

    5.第一句很重要，不要輕易下筆。尾句部分容易出錯，要留意。

    6.為防止遺漏內容要點，可在原題上標出記號。

    7.幾個必要的連詞一定要用，或順接、或轉折、或讓步、或比較。

    8.寫記敘文，注意六個要素：who， where， when， why， how and the result.

    9.議論文，注意論點與論據一致。還要注意是讓你寫一方觀點還是介紹對立的兩種觀點。

    10.應用文主要是寫信或通知，告知活動安排。一般按時間順序寫比較穩妥。

    11.試卷注意部分給出的參考詞匯應盡量用上，不要自作主張忽略不用。

    12.詞匯的閃光之處即不要重復你在本文中用過的和大家都可能用的。全是簡單句得不了好分。要用新穎的詞匯傳達最通俗的信息。

    13.采用多變的句式，如被動句式、定語從句，with加復合賓語以及倒裝句等。

    14.有時候閱讀題中的句型可以稍加改造，抄來用在自己的作文中。

    15.字數一般應稍多于試題的最低要求，但不宜過長，因為言多有失。

    16.寫完后要檢查復核，重點看動詞的使用。最好是寫完作文后先查查別的題型，因為自己剛寫完的東西馬上檢查常常看不出問題。

    四、書面表達提高措施

    （一）幾個小建議

    1.經常寫隨筆，每日三五句。出點錯誤也沒什么。

    2.背誦小短文或漂亮句子，多多益善。

    3.最好的練習材料就是近幾年各地的高考試題。練習時，先看題，自己寫，寫完后看答案，根據答案，修正自己的作文。但注意不要過多修正，要保持自己作文的原貌，每次只改動3~4個地方即可。

    4.初學寫作多寫記敘文。

    5.抄寫短文，會使自己擺脫中文式的英文，可練習抄寫新概念第二冊。

    6.多聽、多說、多讀對寫作的提高至關重要。

    （二）背會20個連接詞語

    1. to tell the truth；2. last but not least；3. on the contrary；4. that is；5. believe it or not； 6. so far as I know；7. in the middle of； 8. next to；9. in addition； 10. in general；11. in short；12. so long as；13. to begin with；14. in case；15. what‘s more； 16. as a matter of fact；17. on the other hand；18. as a result； 19. generally speaking； 20. in my opinion

    （三）熟練運用30個基礎句型

    最基本句型5個：

    1. 主語+謂語 The story happened yesterday.

    2. 主語+謂語+賓語 They study English.

    3. 主語+系動詞+表語 They are from London.

    4. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語 She made Tom stand there.

    5.主語+謂語+雙賓語 I gave Tom a book.

    對比議論：

    1.我同意這個計劃。I am in favor of the plan.

    2.我們認為這不是個好計劃。We don‘t think it is a good plan.

    3.在我看來，它不值得做。It seems to me it is not worth doing.

    4. 學生們的觀點不一致。Opinions are divided among the students.

    5. 有人認為它好，而別人認為不好。Some think it is good， while others believe it is poor.

    圖畫圖表說明：

    1.這幅圖畫描寫了我們的學校生活。This is a picture of our school life.

    2.有一個男孩站在那兒。There is a boy standing there.

    3.百分之八十的學生喜歡校服。Eighty percent of the students like school uniforms.

    4.三分之一的學生住得離學校近。One third of the students live near their school.

    5.自從1990年以來汽車的數量翻了一番。The number of cars has doubled since 1990.

    地方介紹

    1.學校中央有一座教學樓。There is a classroom building in the middle of the school.

    2.樓的南邊有一個游泳池。A swimming pool is to the south of the building.

    3.樓的后面有許多樹。There are many trees behind the building.

    4.樓的對面是宿舍。Opposite the building is a dorm.

    5.宿舍的旁邊是食堂。Beside the dorm lies the dining hall.

    人物介紹

    1. 他和別人很好相處。He can get along well with others easily.

    2.他被認為是最好的學生之一。He is regarded as one of the best students.

    3.他閑暇時經常聽音樂。He usually listens to music in his spare time.

    4.他畢業于第八中學。He graduated from No. 8 Middle School.

    5.他曾獲英語競賽第一名。He once got the first place in the English competition.

    活動安排

    1.我們早上7點在校門口集合。We will gather at the school gate at seven in the morning.

    2.我們將乘公共汽車去。We will go there by bus.

    3.在那兒的飯店吃午飯。Lunch will be served in the restaurant there.

    4.我們下午5點才能回到學校。We won‘t return to our school until 5：00 p.m.

    5.我將全程陪同。I will be in your company all the way.

    敘述事件

    1.故事發生在倫敦。The story happened in London.

    2.起初，他沒看見那個人。At first， he didn‘t see the man.

    3.然后，他走到汽車那兒。Then he went over to the bus.

    4.過了一會兒，他上了小汽車。After a little while， he got on the car.

    5.最后，他被捕了。In the end， he was arrested.

    （四）背會20個高考范文例句

    寫人

    1. I'm Wang Shan， a girl of sixteen， presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle School.

    2. I‘m ready to give help whenever it is needed.

    3. He is such a learned person that we all admire hem very much.

    4. I think I'm fit for the job.

    寫地點

    1.It‘s a small flat of 25 square meters， with a bedroom， a bathroom and a kitchen.

    2.Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain.

    3.On the other side， where the playground used to be， now stands another building —— our library.

    寫事

    1. Last night I was preparing for the coming examination when the noise from my neighbor interrupted me.

    2. Hearing this， a few people began to run after him.

    3.The time passed quickly. Before we knew it， we had to say goodbye to the workers.

    表達理由觀點或討論結果

    1. However， other students are against the idea， saying that the Beijing Zoo， built in 1906， has a history of 100 years， and is well known at home and abroad.

    2. Personally， I think it a good idea for us senior 3 students to have daily exercise.

    3. As we all know， a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well.

    數據與圖表說明

    1. As is shown on Chart 2， only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.

    2. Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities.

    3.Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods.

    寫信和寫通知

    1. I am writing to you about the mobile phone I bought on April 20th.

    2. If there is anything I can do for you， I will be more than glad to help.

    3. Thank you very much in advance.

    4. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

    （五）背會六篇高考范文

    1.對比議論類（05全國I）假設你是李華，最近國內一家英文報紙正在討論北京動物園是否應遷出市區。以下是你所在班級討論的情況。請你給該報寫一封信。

    2.數字圖表類（04北京）某學校對中學生課余活動進行了調查，結果如下。請根據圖表1提供的信息描述學生每天的課余活動，并針對圖表2中任何一個數據中反映的情況寫出你的一個看法。詞數不少于60.

    3.地點介紹（06全國）假定你是李華，應英國朋友Bob的要求，寫一封短信介紹你校圖書館的基本情況。內容須包括下面兩幅圖中的相關信息。

    4.人物類（06北京）國際文化交流中心將組織一次由各國學生參加的“和平，友愛”夏令營活要求報名者提交英文個人簡介。假設你是王珊，請根據下列信息寫一篇個人簡介。

    5.活動安排（08年全國卷Ⅱ）學習中文的各項活動安排。

    6.記敘文 （08年天津卷） 記敘乘地鐵時遇到的一件事。

    （六）避免常見錯誤

    1. My mother work in a school. （works）

    2. They are worker. （workers）

    3. My aunt worked hard and he was busy. （she ）

    4. His parents are all from London. （ both ）

    5. They get up early yesterday. （got ）

    （七）掌握地道的英語 （括號中的句子更好）

    1. My money is very little. （I have little money.）

    2. My money is more than yours.（I have more money than you.）

    3. People in my family are more than those in yours.

    （There are more people in my family than in yours.）

    4. I teach better than he. （I am a better teacher than you.）

    5. I think the plan is not good.（I don‘t think the plan is good.）

    （八）學會變換句型

    1.I was too excited to go to sleep.

    I was so excited that I couldn‘t go to sleep. （用從句替換）

    They got married five years ago.

    They have been married for five years. （用完成時替換）

    3.He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.

    He got up early so as to catch the first bus. （用不定式替換）

    4.Try again and you will succeed.

    If you try again， you will succeed. （用條件句替換）

    5.I am sorry I missed the bus.

    I wish I had caught the bus. （用虛擬語氣替換

　　(責任編輯：李書信)

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