倒計時46天:英語完型突擊技巧
高考中心資深英語專家針對英語閱讀的一些答題方式和技巧給大家做一個較為細致的考前指導,以能夠進一步幫助大家。
先說英語完型的難點和要點。完型填空一直被廣大考生公認為難點,主要難在不會把握語境,選項較為類似,難以編輯,通篇文章意思易懂,但拆分單獨句子容易誤解出錯,故而導致完型填空丟分較多。
而縱從2003年以來,完形填空的命題趨勢漸漸朝著淡化語法方向發展,考查的重心放在整篇文章語境的理解和上下文邏輯的推理上,這就說明,我們做題的方向首先應該放在文章的信息結構上,也就是劃線部分前后的信息分析上,簡而言之即劃線前后提示信息。
很多人大談特談“語境”這個詞,因為這個詞的廣義性,很多同學不理解,在完型填空上,我們把它縮小為“用句子的意思決定單詞”和“劃線前后之間的關聯”。
這里反復強調一下,英語和語文屬于完全不同的語言體系,語文是詞決定句子意思,英語是句子決定單詞。正確把握句子意思十分關鍵。英語的任何語法、句式結構都是為了突出某一語境而設立的,這是英語語法的起源和根本,當你了解了這一關鍵,做英語完型、閱讀、單選就能事半功倍。尤其是完型填空。我們以2010全國卷的完型為例,闡述一下如何尋找劃線前后的提示信息,如何利用英語的表達特性“句子決定單詞”來解答完型填空。為方便起見,直接在文章中注釋。
It was a busy morning,about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the
hospital .I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for all appointment(約會)at 9:30
The nurse had him take a 36-Seat in the waiting area(休息間提示36為座位), 37-telling him it would be(應該干什么提示37為告訴) at least 40 Minutes(時間提示38) 38before someone would be able to see him (提示38為之前)I saw him 39looking at his watch(提示看手表39) and decided,
since I was 40not busy—my patient didn‘t 41 turn up at the appointed hour(整句提示40為不忙,約定的病人沒有出現決定41), I would examine his wound .While taking care of his wound.I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment
The gentleman said no and told me that he 42needed to go to the nursing home(回家里提示43和他的老婆) to eat breakfast(需要回家吃早點提示42) with(提示43和誰) his 43wife .He told me that she had been 44 (前面一句提示回家,用there指代)for a while and that she had a special disease I asked if she would be 45 if he was a bit late(遲到提示45擔心)。 He replied that she 46不久 knew who he was,that she had not been able to 47 (認出) him for five years now(整句提示46為不久、47為認出)。 I was 48(上句因為不認識感到驚訝,或者下午對話內容也提示為驚訝) , and asked him,“And you 49仍舊 go every morning,even though(意思為即使她不知道你是誰,你仍舊每天都去提示49為) she doesn‘t know who you are?”
He smiled and said.“She doesn‘t know me but I know who she is” I had to hold back
50(上文信息讓作者感動,落淚) as he left.Now I 51(認識到,后文提示) that in marriages,true love is 52 真愛接受最幸福的人們 of all that is The happiest people
don‘t 53(并不一定擁有最好的東西,后文提示) have the best of everything;they just 54 (根據前后文句子意思為創造) the best of everything they have 55(生活) isn’t about how to live through the storm,but how to dance in the rain.
36 A breath B.test C seat D break
37 A persuading B promising C understanding D telling
38 A if B before C since D after
39 A taking off B.fixing C looking at D winding
40.A very B also C seldom D not
41 A turn up B show off C come on D go away
42 A needed B forgot C agreed D happened
43 A daughter B wife C mother D sister
44 A. late B well C around D.there
45 A lonely B worried C doubtful D hungry
46 A so far B neither C no longer D already
47 A recognize B answer C believe D expect
48 A moved B disappointed C surprised D satisfied
49 A only B.then C.thus D still
50.A curiosity B tears C words D judgment
51 A realize B suggest C hope D prove
52 A agreement B expression C acceptance D exhibition
53 A necessarily B completely C.naturally D frequently
54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try
55 A Adventure B Beauty C Trust D Life
本題所有劃線部分都是依據前后文或多或少的提示信息。這是做完形題的根本方法,但是如何尋找這些信息,是一個較為頭疼的問題。但是一旦給你指明了方向,卻也能短時間內掌握這種方法。我們可以從文中時間詞、地點詞、物主代詞、人稱代詞、事件、動作、轉折詞、關聯詞方面下手。詞義辨析、純語法的試題較少,因此大家不必擔心。希望在復習的過程中大家把重點放在尋找提示信息上。
其實作為完形填空題,高考命題的立意是考查同學們對篇章整體意思的理解,以及對句子獨立分割與關聯性的整體應用。旨在要求同學們掌握用文章拆分句子、用句子判斷單詞的能力,本質還是閱讀、理解。如果通過語法角度進行復習,無疑是南轅北轍。只有充分的從句子角度相互印證劃線部分所填單詞,才是最簡單直觀的復習方法。離高考還剩下40多天,我們要掌握的就是這種一針見血,針對應試角度出發的解題技巧,而不再是重復知識點的復習。基礎知識固然重要,但若已經熟悉,就沒有必要浪費時間重復復習,重點放在“如何應用上”。英語的考查角度已經從單純的考查轉變為“實際應用”,故此,如何應用才是在這時間緊迫的情況下,第一時間所抓的第一要務。
(責任編輯:李書信)
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