2012高考英語考點專題講練:名詞
「考點分析」
名詞
1.對名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)性的考查：
①最常見的形式是主謂一致的考查；分數(shù)和百分數(shù)作主語、數(shù)量詞作主語仍將是考查重點（as well as； together with； along with； not only…but also…； rather than； neither…nor…； either…or…； the number of與a number of等要特別關(guān)注）；
②有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示特別的意義；
③有些名詞通常用作不可數(shù)名詞；
④有些名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞時，表示抽象概念，與不定冠詞連用或用作可數(shù)名詞時表示個體事物；
⑤有些名詞，既可以作可數(shù)名詞，也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞，但意思不一樣；
⑥某些集體名詞，如果把它們所表示的人或事物當(dāng)作整體來看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果把它們表示的人或事物當(dāng)作若干個體來看，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.對名詞詞義及詞義辨析的考查；
3.對名詞與介詞固定搭配的考查；
4.對名詞句法功能的考查：重在考查名詞作定語的用法。
「知識點歸納」
名詞
I.名詞的分類及相互轉(zhuǎn)換
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專有名詞 |
普通名詞 |
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國名地名人名， 團體機構(gòu)名稱 |
可數(shù)名詞 |
不可數(shù)名詞 |
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個體名詞 |
集體名詞 |
抽象名詞 |
物質(zhì)名詞 |
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特別注意名詞類別的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
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例 句 |
意 義 |
名詞性質(zhì) |
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①She held some flowers in her hand. ②The trees are now in flower |
花兒 |
個體名詞 |
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開花 |
抽象名詞 |
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①Youth is beautiful. ②He is a youth of twenty |
青春 |
抽象名詞 |
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年輕人 |
個體名詞 |
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①They have achieved remarkable success in their work. ②—How about the Christmas evening party? —I should say it was a success. |
成功 |
抽象名詞 |
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成功的事 |
個體名詞 |
物質(zhì)名詞與個體名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
例 句 意 義 名詞性質(zhì) ①Iron is a kind of metal. ②Please lend me your iron. 鐵 物質(zhì)名詞 熨斗 個體名詞 ①He broke a piece of glass. ②He broke a glass. 玻璃 物質(zhì)名詞 玻璃杯 個體名詞 ①I bought a chicken this morning ②Please help yourself to some chicken 小雞 個體名詞 雞肉 物質(zhì)名詞
抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
有動作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動詞（如：have等）連用，表示某一次短暫的動作 ①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please. —Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a ②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名詞） A.a B.an C./ D.the ③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 話（個體名詞） A.a B.an C./ D.the 類例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bath make an advance(進步)/make an early start(早點出發(fā)) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲) /give a try 表示知識和時間的抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞時可以用來表示其中的一部分 ①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today. A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the a knowledge of truth(知道實際情況) give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關(guān)于中國更為翔實的知識) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速記的知識) ②If there were no examination, we should have______at school. A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time ③ is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times 抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞可用來表示“一次、一陣、一種”具體的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果。這時名詞前往往有形容詞修飾 ①Oh, John. _____you gave me! A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise ②She looked up when I shouted. A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise 其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise ③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusual
(責(zé)任編輯：張影)
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