2012高考英語考點專題講練:代詞和數詞(3)
7.it的用法
①用作人稱代詞,代替前文提到的事情。
This bike is not mine. It‘s Peter’s.
②用以代替提示代詞this, that
—What is this? —It‘s a pen.
—Whose book is that? —It‘s Mike’s.
③起指示代詞的作用,指一個人或事物
—Who is knocking at the door? —It‘s me.
—Who is making such a noise. —It must be the children.
④指環境情況等。
It was very quiet at the moment.
⑤指時間,季節,天氣,氣候等
—What time is it? —It is eight o‘clock.
It often rains in summer.
⑥指距離
It is five kilometers from the office to my home.
It is a long way to the factory.
⑦作形式主語和形式賓語
當動詞不定式,動名詞或從句作主語時,通常把它們放在謂語之后,而用it作句子的形式主語
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
It is not a good habit to stay up late.
It is no use crying over split milk.
It is a pity that you didn‘t read the book……
當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式,動名詞,賓語從句時,往往把賓語放在它的補足語后面,而用it作形式賓語,放在賓語補足語之前
I think it no use arguing with him.
I found it very interesting to study English.
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
注意:see to it that…(務必)和take it for granted that…(想當然)句型中的it,以及詞組make it
中的it(做事成功,搞定)。
⑧用于強調結構(詳見專題九)
要強調句子的某一部分(通常是主語,狀語,賓語), 可以把it 當作先行詞。這種句子的結構是 “It is(was)+被強調部分+that (who )+句子的其余部分” .如果強調的部分是人,可用who whom 代替that
I met an old friend in the park yesterday.
此句各部分被強調后句型如下:
It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday.
It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park.
(二)數詞
數詞分兩類:基數詞和序數詞
I.基數詞:表示數目的詞為基數詞。其表達式:
1.21-99的兩位數,在十位數和個位數之間加連字符構成。如:fifty- three (53)
2.101-999的三位數由hundred加and再加兩位數或末位數。
three hundred and twenty-five (325)
3.基數詞hundred,thousand,million,billion表示確切數目時不能加s
five thousand students (五千個學生)
但在表示不確切數目時,要用復數形式,如:hundreds of/thousands of students(許多學生)
4.dozen和score的復數形式應注意以下幾點:
①dozen表示:一打,十二個,score表示:二十;
②當dozen與數詞,或many,several等連用時,不加“s”,所修飾的名詞前常省去“of‘;score則不然。
two dozen pencils兩打鉛筆
two score of pencils四十支鉛筆
dozens of people=scores of people許多人
③當后面的名詞前有"these",“those",”them"," us"等詞時, dozen后應加"of ".
a dozen of these people
two dozen of them
three score and ten people中不加of(七十人)
II.序數詞:表示順序的數詞為序數詞。其表達式:
1.序數詞一般由基數詞后+th構成,前面一般加定冠詞the,表示“第幾”
the two hundredth,the eighteenth
加不定冠詞,則意為“又一,再一”。
I like the film very much, so I want to see it a second time.
2.以ty結尾的基數詞構成序數詞時,先把y改成i,再加eth.如:the twentieth,the fiftieth
3.不規則的序數詞有以下幾個:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth
4.“二十”以上的多位數,個位數用序數詞,其余仍用基數詞。
ninety-third one hundred and forty-ninth
5.基數詞與序數詞連用時,通常是序數詞在前
the first two pages of the book(這本書的前兩頁)
(責任編輯:張影)
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