2012高考英語考點專題講練:情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣(3)
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may，此時句子用倒裝語序
May he live to an old age！愿他長命百歲！
May God be with you！愿上帝保佑你！
7.shall/should
|
用于人稱 |
意義 |
|
|
shall |
第一、三人稱 |
征求對方的意見 |
|
第二、三人稱 |
說話人給對方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅 |
|
|
用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中 |
應……，須……，得…… |
What shall we do this evening？
注意：may用于征求對方的許可，而shall用于征求對方的意見或指示：
May I have a look？我能看一看嗎？
Shall I have a look？需要我看一看嗎？
You shall fail if you don‘t work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允諾）
He shall be punished.（威脅）
The fine shall be given in cash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此時句子用倒裝語序
May he live to an old age!愿他長命百歲!
May God be with you!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
|
用于人稱 |
意義 |
|
|
shall |
第一、三人稱 |
征求對方的意見 |
|
第二、三人稱 |
說話人給對方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅 |
|
|
用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中 |
應……，須……，得…… |
What shall we do this evening?
注意：may用于征求對方的許可，而shall用于征求對方的意見或指示：
May I have a look?我能看一看嗎?
Shall I have a look?需要我看一看嗎?
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允諾)
He shall be punished.(威脅)
The fine shall be given in cash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。
|
should |
意義 |
|
①（表義務、責任的）應該 |
|
|
②（表預期的）應該會，想必會，一定……會把 |
|
|
③（表驚訝、遺憾的）竟然、居然 |
|
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④（與疑問詞連用，表意外、驚訝、納悶等的）究竟是，到底 |
|
|
⑤（用于表示命令、建議、請求等詞后面的that從句中，且should可以省略）應該，必須 |
①You should apologize to him.
②The photos should be ready by 12：00.
③I‘m surprised that you should speak in such a way.
④Who should ccome in but my old friend Betty.我當究竟是誰進來了呢，原來是我的老朋友貝蒂呀。
⑤I suggested that he （should）change his mind.
My suggestion was that he （should）change his mind.
注意：ought to表示 “應該” （與should同義， 只是語氣稍重一些）， 也可表示推測。
You ought to take care of him.
He ought to be home by now.
8.will/would
①請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣
Would you pass me the book？
②表示意志、愿望和決心
I will never do that again.
They asked us if we would do that again
③可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向
During the vacation he would visit me every week
The wound would not heal.
④表示估計或猜想
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there？
9.dare和need
①need作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。
②dare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩中形式：dare和dared兩個詞形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
If he dare come，I will kick him out.
I don‘t know whether he dare say.
Note：He doesn‘t dare（to）answer the question.
Does she dare（to）enter the dark room？
10.情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法
①could+have done：本可以做而實際上未能做
You could have done better， but you didn‘t try your best.
②cannot+have done：表示對過去行為的否定推測
He cannot have been to that town.
③can+主語+have done：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定
Can he have got the book？
④might（may）+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測
He may not have finished the work.
If we had taken the other road， we might have arrived earlier.
（Mood：might>may，possibility：might
⑤must+have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannot have done
You must have seen the film.
You cannot have seen the film.
⑥needn‘t+have done：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了
You needn‘t have watered the flowers，for it is going to rain.
注意：didn‘t need to（have to）do ：沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做
I didn‘t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.
⑦should（ought to）+ have done：本來應該做而實際上又沒有做。
其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
You should have started earlier， but you didn‘t.
She shouldn‘t have taken away my measuring tape， for I wanted to use it.
注意：本結構還可以表“推測”的意思
He should have finished the work by now.
到現(xiàn)在他應該已經(jīng)做完那項工作了。
11.其它情態(tài)動詞
①have to
have to表示 “必須， 不得不”， 在這個意義上與must很接近， 但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法， 而
have to表示的卻是客觀需要。 have to比must有更多的形式。
The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one.
The students will have to know how to use the computers.
注意：在回答must的問句時， 否定式常用need not（needn‘t）或don’t have to表示 “不必”。而不用
must not， 因為must not表示 “不可以”。
②used to
表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài)（現(xiàn)在已不復如此）
—Did you use to go there to see your brother？ /Used you to go there to see your brother？
—Yes， I did（used to）。 /No ， I didn‘t （usedn’t）。
注意：would也可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向，但是不涉及到現(xiàn)在。
③had better
表示 “最好（做……）”
We had better go now.
其否定式為had better not
(責任編輯：張影)
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