2016年高考英語專題練習及答案(5)
編輯推薦：2016年高考英語專題練習及答案匯總
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(人物故事類+科普研究類)
A
(2014·河北唐山一模)
Helen Thomas, the pioneering White House reporter known for putting presidents on the hot seat, died at 92.
To those who regularly watch presidential press conferences, Helen Thomas is a familiar figure. Usually dressed in red and always seated in the front row, she is always the first or second reporter the president calls upon. It is an honor she has earned. Besides, it affords her the perfect opportunity to do what she does best—challenge the president and other public officials to tell the plain truth. She said, “We reporters' priority(首要事情) is the people's right to know—without fear or favor. We are the people's servants.”
Helen Thomas was born in Kentucky in 1920. All the nine Thomas children were brought up to value education, and all were expected to make something of themselves through working hard.She made up her mind while still in high school to become a reporter after writing for the student newspaper. After receiving her bachelor's degree in 1942, Thomas headed straight for Washington D.C., in search of a newspaper job. Before long，she landed one at Washington Daily News.Her duty included fetching coffee and doughnuts for the paper's reporters and editors.The eager young woman found the atmosphere exciting and was convinced she had made the right career choice.
Her big break came when she was sent to Florida to report on the vacation of Presidentelect John F. Kennedy and his family. Once President Kennedy took office, Thomas changed her focus from the president's family to his policies. She began attending the daily press briefings at the White House as well as presidential press conferences. Thomas has covered every president since Kennedy. Over the years, Thomas found her job “thrilling and inspiring”， but never boring. And she took very seriously her duty to “keep an eye on the president” and keep American people informed.
1.What can we learn about Helen Thomas from the passage?
A.Her career took off after covering the Kennedys.
B.Her first job was to deliver doughnuts to a news agency.
C.She was born to a large family in Kentucky in 1942.
D.She decided to be a reporter while in college.
2. Paragraph 3 is written to show Helen Thomas ________.
A.is a good decisionmaker for her career
B.appreciates education and hard work
C.wants to be famous by writing reports
D.has great support from her family
3. What does Helen Thomas think of her work?
A.Unbearable. B.Exciting.
C.Challenging. D.Unforgettable.
4. What can be the best title for the text?
A.A reporter sticking to the facts
B.A reporter challenging President Kennedy
C.A reporter from an ordinary family
D.A reporter for Washington Daily News
答案：
【語篇解讀】 美國記者海倫·托馬斯辭世，享年92歲。她采訪過約翰·肯尼迪后的歷任美國總統，而且以問題尖銳著稱。她以讓人民了解事實為宗旨，以過人的執著、勇氣、正直和激情詮釋了職業良知。
1.A 解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段的句“Her big break came when she was sent to Florida to report on the vacation of Presidentelect John F.Kennedy and his family”可知，在采訪了肯尼迪及其家人之后，海倫的事業開始騰飛。
2.B 解析：寫作意圖題。根據第三段的第二句“All the nine Thomas children were brought up to value education，and all were expected to make something of themselves through working hard”及對海倫經歷的介紹可知，第三段的內容表明海倫重視教育及努力工作。
3.B 解析：細節理解題。根據第三段的最后一句“The eager young woman found the atmosphere exciting”以及最后一段倒數第二句中的“Thomas found her job ‘thrilling and inspiring'，but never boring”可知，海倫覺得她的工作很令人興奮。
4.A 解析：主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了為了讓公眾了解事實而向歷任美國總統尖銳發問的記者海倫·托馬斯，因此A項為標題。
B
(2014·河南開封高三次摸底考試)
Personal Background
Steve Jobs
Apple Computer
3year return: 26%
Age: 42
CEO since: 1997
Here's a guy with enough knowledge, ability and brainpower to effectively hold down two CEO jobs at once and do a pretty amazing job at both. We've listed him for his post at Apple, but of course Steve Jobs also runs Pixar, the animation company.
Coming in after a $ 1 billion loss in fiscal 1997, Jobs turned a $106 million profit—38 percent above Wall Street's consensus target. A lot of credit goes to a very simple idea: make computers in different colors. Jobs was the only one who thought to make it happen. The colorful midpriced iMac has also succeeded by playing down the compatibility (兼容性) problem. Apple positioned it as the machine for the Internet, where compatibility questions are no big deal. Behind the scenes, Jobs streamlined the product line, and also did a whole series of work for improving and selling the production. Meanwhile，over at Pixar, A Bug's Life nabbed a total $159 million in domestic box office, the highest domestic animated take since Toy Story and third highest ever, after Toy Story and the leader, The Lion King.
Business philosophy: “The technology isn't the hard part. The hard part is: who's going to buy it. How are they going to buy it? How do you tell them about it?”
How he got the job: the Apple board begged him to return.
Management style: at Apple, Jobs is a micromanager—some say nanomanager who changes mood suddenly and unexpectedly. Virtually every decision goes by him. At any time, 10,000 employees are wondering, “What would Steve say?” not “What is the right thing to do?” said a former Apple executive. At Pixar, realizing that he isn't a film visionary, he leaves the experts to their knitting.
Financial reward: his Apple rewards are minimal—a salary of one dollar a year so that his family is eligible for the health plan. But his 69 percent share of Pixar is worth about $ 1.3 billion.
—selected from a newspaper
5. According to the passage, the following adjectives can be used to describe Jobs EXCEPT ________.
A.creative B.easygoing
C.demanding D.distinguished
6. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.Jobs can work well in every field
B.the colorful iMac is accepted for its low price
C.Jobs makes a big difference at Apple as a designer
D.the technology is more important than business idea
7. The underlined word “nabbed” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A.pulled up B.brought in
C.went through D.handed over
8. What does the author mainly want to tell us?
A.Jobs is the richest man in the world.
B.Jobs is a giant of electronic products.
C.Jobs spends most of his time at Pixar.
D.Jobs can get much money a year as his salary.
答案：
【語篇解讀】 文章介紹了史蒂夫·喬布斯這位電子產品方面的巨人的一些情況。
5.B 解析：細節理解題。從他的成就來看，他是非常有創造力的(creative)，也是世界的(distinguished)，從他的管理風格來看，他是要求很高的(demanding)，故選B。
6.C 推理判斷題。從整篇文章對史蒂夫·喬布斯的介紹我們可知，喬布斯作為一名設計師在蘋果公司影響非凡，故選C。
7.B 解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的“a total $159 million in domestic box office”可知，這里是指賺到這些錢。bring in意思是“使賺到”，與畫線詞同義。
8.B 解析：寫作意圖題。文章不僅介紹了喬布斯是美國蘋果公司的聯合創辦人、前行政總裁，具有獨特的創造力，還介紹了他的經營理念、管理風格等。由此可看出作者主要是想告訴我們喬布斯是電子產品方面的巨人。
C
(2014·河南洛陽高三期末)
Some people are happy to believe in ESP (第六感覺) while others are firm disbelievers.
Parapsychologists, who lend a certain seriousness to the subject, have identified four types of ESP: clairvoyance describes the act of being able to obtain knowledge of a person or event without the use of the normal senses; telepathy is the process by which a person is able to read another person's thoughts without the use of any of the normal senses; psychokinesis is the ability to influence a physical object just by thinking about it; precognition is the term applied when somebody is able to foresee future events.
Over the years there have been many ESP experiments conducted by serious scientists in serious institutions. Joseph Banks Rhine, a botanist at Duke University published a famous book in 1934 called “ExtraSensory Perception” in which he claimed to have overwhelming (壓倒性的) evidence of ESP. However, other scientists have been unable to repeat his results exactly in the same way, which has resulted in the book losing much of its original reliability(可靠性).
The Granzfield experiments are considered to have been the most carefully examined ESP experiments.The experimenters had their eyes covered and ears blocked while a “sender” attempted to transmit messages.Later the experimenters would compare the messages received to the original messages sent out.There was a great deal of excitement and interest at the time but the research failed to produce convincing results.
Human beings are attracted to the supernatural phenomena. ESP will always continue to fascinate. Some of the most successful films in recent years have fuelled interest among the younger generations who are starting to ask the same questions and to look for explanations for the same phenomena as their parents and grandparents before them. Who knows? One day we might just find these answers because one thing is certain, “The truth is out there!”
9. According to the passage, Rhine's book ________.
A.was accepted by famous scientists in ESP field
B.presented the firsthand evidence against ESP
C.wasn't trusted and believed by the public
D.truly proved results of the experiments
10. In Paragraph 3 and 4, the author wants to show ________.
A.what resulted in people's disbelief
B.who were involved in the experiments
C.why people accepted ESP
D.how seriously the experiments were conducted
11. The author's attitude towards ESP is ________.
A.objective B.defensive
C.supportive D.persuasive
答案：
【語篇解讀】 這是一篇科普文。人們對于第六感覺這一超自然的現象很感興趣，但遺憾的是，迄今為止人們沒能證明第六感覺是否存在，只有時間能告訴我們這個問題的答案。
9.C 解析：細節理解題。第三段說，Rhine在1934年寫了一本書，宣稱他掌握了關于第六感存在的大量證據，但其他科學家用同樣的方式去研究卻不能得到與他一樣的結果，于是這本書就失去了可靠性(the book losing much of its original reliability)，由此可知選C，他的書不被公眾接受。
10.A 解析：推理判斷題。第三、四段講述了兩個研究，這兩個研究在當時轟動一時，但都沒有得出讓人相信的證據或結果，因此選A。
11.A 解析：推理判斷題。最后一段作者說，人們對第六感這一超自然的現象很感興趣，還在尋找解釋，或許有我們能找到解釋，因為有一點是確定的，“事實的真相擺在那里”。由此可以看出，作者只相信事實的真相，沒有直接肯定或否定這一現象的存在，因此選A。
Ⅱ.書面表達(提綱類+圖表類+開放類)
(一)(2014·四川卷)
假設你是李夏，你的美國筆友Sam來信關心你參加高考的情況，請根據以下要點回信告知。
1.考試日期與科目;2.考試準備情況;3.考試時的狀態;4.對試題的感受;5.可能的考試結果。
注意：
1.詞數120左右;2.開頭語和結尾語已為你寫好;3.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫;4.文中不能出現考生真實姓名和學校名稱。
參考詞匯：高考college entrance examination
Dear Sam，
Thank you for your concern
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Xia
答案：
Dear_Sam，
Thank_you_for_your_concern.I am very glad to receive your letter，in which you asked me about how I was getting along in the college entrance examination.I'd like to tell you something about it.
It's widely known that the college entrance examination in China falls on June 7 and 8 each year.As a science student，I've been reviewing Chinese，math，English，physics，chemistry and biology，which all belong to the college entrance examination subjects.In the past few months，I've made good preparations and felt pretty confident. During the exams，I was kind of nervous.However，I think it is natural，for a little stress can be good for the exams.Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar to me，they are easy to answer. The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.
Best_wishes!
Yours，
Li_Xia
(二)
假設你是育才中學學生會主席李華。你校將舉辦一次英語演講比賽(speech contest)，希望附近某大學的外籍教師Smith女士來做評委。請參照以下比賽通知給她寫一封信。
英語演講比賽
主題：人與自然
時間：6月15日下午2：00-5：00
地點：501教室
參賽選手：10名學生
聯系人：李華(電話44876655)
歡迎大家光臨
注意：詞數100左右。
Dear Ms. Smith，
With best wishes，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear_Ms._Smith，
I'm Li Hua, Chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university. I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in Rom 501 in our school on June 15. It will start at 2：00 p.m. and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. Please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions.
I am looking forward to your reply.
With_best_wishes，
Li_Hua
(三)(2014·湖北卷)
請根據以下提示，并結合具體事例，用英語寫一篇短文。
Small things make a big difference.The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.
注意：①無須寫標題;②除詩歌外，文體不限;③內容必須結合你生活中的具體事例;④文中不得透露個人姓名和學校名稱;⑤詞數不少于120，如引用提示語則不計入總詞數。
參考答案：
It isn't hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.
I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.
As a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
(責任編輯：盧雁明)
特別說明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調整與變化，育路高考網所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長參考，敬請考生及家長以權威部門公布的正式信息為準。
