高二英語 英語單項填空陷阱題分類透析與演練
高考命題者常常利用熟悉的句型結構，或者一些固定搭配來制造陷阱，讓考生在非常神氣的心情中快速地得出錯誤的答案。針對這種情況，筆者粗略歸納了常見陷阱題的類型并加以分析，希望能對同學們在解題過程中巧識陷阱有所幫助。
1.思維定勢型
思維定勢是指人們在長期的思維過程中所形成的一種固定的思維模式。它是一把雙刃劍，如果運用得當，它可以幫助考生將考題內容與以前所學知識迅速聯系起來，并在短時間內調集解決問題所需的相關知識進行分析、推理，并很快得出正確的結論;但若運用不當，它便會誤導考生掉入命題人所預設的陷阱，得出錯誤的結論。
例1 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours ______ in my study.
A. locking
B. locked
C. to lock
D. to be locked
解析：答案為B，但考生易誤選A，以為是考查spend...(in)doing結構。其實，不是“鎖門”花去了三小時，而是“將自己鎖在書房里度過了三小時”，用過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語。
2.規則硬套型
就是指不從語言實際出發，不考慮特定的語言環境，而是機械地套用語法規則，生搬硬套語法的條條框框，從而錯誤地作出選擇。
例2 He made up his mind to devote his life ______pollution______ happily.
A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from living
C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, living
解析：答案為C，但易誤選B，認為第一空應填to，是不定式符號，第二空是prevent... (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其實devote ... to ... (把……奉獻給……)中的to是介詞，接-ing形式;第二空也不是“阻止污染過上幸福生活”，而是“為了過上幸福生活而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的狀語。
3.母語干擾型
學外語最忌母語干擾，但由于母語在大腦中根深蒂固，所以常常會對外語學習者大腦中尚不牢固的外語知識產生負面影響。命題者也往往利用這一點，制造陷阱。
例3 I’ll come to see you if______.
A. you’re convenient
B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient
D. it is convenient with you
解析：答案為B，但易誤選A或C，因為按漢語意思，“如果你方便的話”，易直譯為if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事實上，英語中表示“如果你方便的話”，通常說if it is convenient for(to)you。
4.插入隔離型
有時一個本來很簡單的句子，在其中置入一個插入成分，或將某些成分從正常位置調入一個在同學們看來屬“非正常”的位置，則很有可能給同學們的理解帶來困難。
例4 He ran as fast as he could ______the bus.
A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught
解析: 答案為B，但易選A，以為情態動詞could后要接動詞原形。其實，這里的情態動詞could后已省略了一個動詞原形run了，后面應用動詞不定式表示目的。
5.借用倒裝型
英語句子的一般語序為“主語部分+謂語部分”，如果把謂語或謂語的一部分放到主語前面，我們稱之為倒裝。命題者就利用這種“不正常”的句式跟你“繞彎子”。解決類似的題目，關鍵是要熟悉倒裝規則，學會識別倒裝句。
例5 _______he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.
A. When B. If C. Had D. Has
解析： 答案為C，但易誤選B。若選B，主句和從句的時態就會矛盾了，根據后面的謂語的形式，前面要用過去完成式had followed才對。其實，這里的if被省略，將had提前了。
下面就請你練練身手吧!你可別掉進陷阱喲，萬一掉進去了，那就要好好反思一下，并希望你能從中獲得一些啟發。
1. ______smoking here will be fined.
A. Who B. Whomever C. Anyone D. Whoever
2. After______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
3. ______is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
4. He is always really rude, ______is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
5. Mr. Smith is a painter, ______I should also like to be.
A. that B. which C. who D. it
6. According to the rules, students must not ______their books during examinations.
A. read B. watch C. notice D. look at
7. Remind him ______ the window when he leaves.
A. of closing B. closing C. to close D. close
8. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
9. It was 10 o'clock ______ the front doorbell rang.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
10. ______, we went for a swim.
A. Being hot B. It being hot
C. As it is hot D. It was hot
11. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.
A. could learning B. learned
C. to learn D. could learn
12. —Did they all pass the driving test?
—No, ______ only three of them who passed it.
A. there was B. that was
C. there were D. it was
13. The “Two Cities” referred ______ London and Paris.
A. is to B. to be
C. to are D. to going to be
14. This is the main use that the scientists make ______ of natural resources.
A. it B. which C. use D. /
15. Mr. Smith is______ a good teacher______ we all respect.
A. such, that B. such, as
C. so, that D. so, as
16. If you want to go to see the movie，so ______ I.
A. do B. am C. will D. should
17. Which do you enjoy ______ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
A. spending B. to spend
C. being spent D. spend
18. Is there a shop around ______ we can buy some toilet articles?
A. that B. which C. where D. what
答案與簡析
1. C smoking here做后置定語修飾主語anyone。若把smoking改為smokes, 那就選D。
2. C after 在此處是介詞，what(=the time that)引導賓語從句。
3. B as引導的是定語從句，代表后面整句話的意思。若把逗號改為that, 就選A, it 是形式主語，that 從句為主語從句。
4. D which 引導非限制性定語從句。假如把逗號改為句號或分號，就用It或That。
5. B which 引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是表示職業身份的a painter。
6. D 句意為“學生們考試時不能看書(作弊)”，不是讀書的意思。
7. C remind sb to do sth提醒某人去做某事;remind sb of sth使某人想起類似的人或事。
8. A and連接了三個動詞。
9. B it在此指時間，when引導的是時間狀語從句。若在10 o?蒺clock前加上at，就是強調結構了。
10. B 前后主語不一致，不能選A;C項時態不符;句子之間沒有連接詞，不能選D。
11. A 情態動詞could 后本來有動詞原形spend，只是被省略了。
12. D 強調句型。
13. C referred to是后置定語。
14. D that the scientists make of是定語從句，關系代詞that代表先行詞use;make use of(利用)為固定短語。
15. B 因respect缺賓語，是定語從句，先行詞前有such，用關系代詞as。若在respect后加上him，就選A。
16. C 條件狀語從句用的是一般現在時，后面的主句用一般將來時，用shall或will。
17. B 指代fishing or watching TV的which才是enjoy的賓語，enjoy后是目的狀語。
18. C 這里的around不是介詞而是副詞，用where引導定語從句。
(責任編輯：陳海巖)
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