高一英語學習:數(shù)詞的用法詳解

2016-12-19 20:23:23 來源:滬江高考資源網(wǎng)

   1. 拼法需要當心的序數(shù)詞

  在first,second和third之后的序數(shù)詞都由基數(shù)詞加 -th構(gòu)成,但要注意以下拼法略有變化:

  twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… fifth eighth ninth twelfth..

  2. 序號的表示

  1) 基數(shù)詞放在名詞之后,通常寫作阿拉伯數(shù),如:

  page 4(P.4)讀作page four Room301讀作room three O [ou] one

  Tel No.864412讀作telephone number eight six double four one two

  2) 序數(shù)詞放在名詞之前,通常前面要加定冠詞.如:

  the Eighth Lesson(=Lesson Eight) the First Middle School(=Middle School No. 1)

  3. 數(shù)詞后面的名詞用單數(shù)還是用復數(shù)

  表示計量時,基數(shù)詞后面的名詞用復數(shù)形式,但是在帶有數(shù)字的復合名詞(常用作定語)里,名詞只用單數(shù)形式。試比較:

  They baby is only six moths old. This is a six-moth-old baby.

  I have five pounds. I have a five-pound note.

  4. hundreds / thousands / millions of + 名詞復數(shù)

  hundred, thousand和million后加 –s與of連用,表示“數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬”。

  He has bought hundreds of books this year.

  Thousands of seagulls arrived to help the farmers save their crops.

  5. dozen和score

  用法與hundred, thousand, million基本相似dozens of和scores of均表示“幾十個”。但有以下幾點區(qū)別:

  1) 在接具體名詞復數(shù)時dozen后不加of,而score常與of連用。如:

  two dozen books two score (of)books

  2) 若名詞被限定詞限定,dozen后應(yīng)加of,接賓格代詞亦如此。

  three dozen of those (the, my, those) books three dozen of them

  6. 表示不定數(shù)量的常用單詞和詞組

  這些單詞或詞組與名詞的搭配關(guān)系見下表

  用于可數(shù)名詞用于不可數(shù)名詞用于可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

  a bit of

  (a) few(a) littleall

  fewe rless plenty of

  (the) fewest(the) leasta lot of; lots of

  a (great) number ofa great deal (amount) ofenough

  manymuchmore; most

  several some; any

  hundreds of

  dozens of

  1) (a) few 和(a) little

  a few和a little與some的意思較接近,表示“有幾個;有一點”。few和little則表示“幾乎沒有(= almost none)”的意思。試比較:

  She doesn’t seem very friendly; she has few friends。 (not many friends)

  Although she has been here only a short time, she has made a few friends. (some friends)

  I can’t make a pie because there is little sugar. (not much sugar)

  There is a little sugar for your coffee. (some sugar)

  2) 用fewer還是用less

  從理論上講few的比較級形式fewer用于復數(shù)名數(shù)前;little的比較級形式less用于不可

  數(shù)名詞前,但是在現(xiàn)代英語中,尤其是在非正式場合下,也常用less代替fewer;例如:

  If on1y there were fewer/less holes in the roof?

  3) many + a + 名詞單數(shù)

  many a后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,表示“好些;許多”,多用于書面語或演講中。

  Many a young man has had such a chance. (動詞用has)

  many a time則看作是固定詞組,表示“多次”。

  That’s happened to me many a time.

  (責任編輯:張新革)

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