高一英語：必修2英語單元重難點解析2 unit 1
(1)spend的主語必須是人，常用于以下結構：
① spend time/money on sth. 在……上花費時間(金錢)。例：
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數(shù)學題花了我兩個小時。
② spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花費時間(金錢)做某事。例：
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
(2)cost的主語是物或某種活動， 還可以表示"值"， 常見用法如下：
①sth. costs + (sb.) +金錢. 某物花了(某人)多少錢。例：
A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。
② sth. costs + (sb.) +代價. 做某事使某人付出了什么代價。例：
Drunk driving cost him his life. 酒后開車使他付出了生命的代價。
(3)take后面常跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種：
①It takes sb. +時間+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。例：
It took them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。
②It takes (sb )+sth + to do sth. 做某事需要(某人)某物。例：
Courage is what it takes to succeed.成功需要勇氣。
A smile is sometimes what it takes to cheer a friend up. 有時候一個微笑就會使朋友高興起來。
(4)pay的基本用法是：
① (Sb) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買……。例：
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個月要付20英磅的房租。
② pay for sth. 付……的錢。例：
I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。
③ pay sb (+ to do) 付錢給某人(去做某事)。 例:
We pay the baby-sitter by the hour. 我們按小時給保姆錢。
I will pay you $3 to clean my car.我給你3美元你替我洗車。
語法點撥
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
一.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的概念
1.限制性定語從句：
限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制、修飾的作用，關系代詞有that, which, whom, who, whose以及關系副詞when, where, why等，沒有逗號把從句與先行詞分開。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確。例如：
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?
Where is the book which I bought this morning?
2.非限制性定語從句：
非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。用法其實與限制性定語從句極為相似，只是不能用that引導。例如：
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.
English is an important subject, which every student should study well.
二. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
1. 從形式上看，限制性定語從句與其先行詞緊緊相連，兩者沒有停頓;非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。
2. 從意義上講，限制性定語從句用來修飾先行詞，兩者密不可分;而非限制性定語從句僅僅對先行詞作補充性敘述或說明，兩者關系不那么緊密。
3. 從翻譯方法來看，一般來說，限制性定語從句多半譯成漢語的前置定語，修飾其后的先行詞，非限制性定語從句則往往譯成后置的并列從句。例如：
This is the house which we bought last year. 這是我們去年買的那幢房子。(限制性)
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. 這封信是他父母寫來的，他們在西藏工作。(非限制性)
4. 從關系詞的使用來看:
(1) that不能用來引導非限制性定語從句。
(2) 在非限制性定語從句中的關系詞不能省略。
(3) 非限制性定語從句的關系代詞which既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整句的含義。指代前面整句的含義時，定語從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：
She heard the terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. (which指代noise) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒領會我的意思，這使我心煩。 (Which指代"他似乎沒領會我的意思"這個句子。)
(4) as在引導非限制性定語從句時，指代整個主句，有"正如，就像"之意。as引導的定語從句可放在主句之前，之中或之后，位置靈活。例如："我們都知道，吸煙有害健康"這句話可譯成：
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.
Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.
Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to us all.
典題賞析
考例一：He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
【解析】答案A。先行詞是discovery，定語從句意為"這個發(fā)現(xiàn)對科學很重要"，所以引導定語從句的關系詞在從句中做主語，由which引導。I think是插入語，考慮句子結構時可忽略，定語從句就簡化成了which is of great importance to science。
考例二：There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.
A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when
【解析】答案B。全句意為"曾經(jīng)有一段時間我痛恨上學"。 第一空a time表示一段時間，第二空引起定語從句，且在從句中作時間狀語，所以用when。
考例三：Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
【解析】答案D。從句意為"我對"Carol說的在十月前能做好這項工作表示懷疑"， which代表"十月前能做好這項工作"這部分內容，并在從句中做賓語。
考例四：Professor William keeps telling his students that the future ______ to the well-educated.
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
【解析】答案A。belong to 不能用被動，也不能用于進行時。
考例五：I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why
【解析】答案B。a point是先行詞，定語從句空白處意為"在這一點上"，所以用表地點的where。這里表示一個抽象的地點。
考例六：It's none of your business _______ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how B. what C. which D. when
【解析】答案B。此題意為"別人怎么看你跟你無關。相信自己。"表示對某人或某物的看法，常用句型有：What do you think?
What would you say…?
What do you think of/about …?
How do you feel about …?
How do you like sth?
What's your idea/opinion of…?等。
(責任編輯：康彥林)
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