態(tài)語態(tài)過關(guān)檢測
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一、題干中直接性地給定時間狀語
例1.How can you possibly miss the news? It ________ on TV all day long.(2004年高考北京卷)
A. has been B. had been
C. was D. will be
解析 選A 該題在語境中測試現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法。根據(jù)語境中說話人前一分句所用動詞時態(tài)(can miss)以及選項中所給時間狀語all day long可知，說話人所強調(diào)的動作是到現(xiàn)在為止之前一直在進行的動作，而且還要繼續(xù)下去的動作，故該題應(yīng)選用現(xiàn)在完成時。選項B、C、D顯然不符題意。
例2.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. (NMET 2003)
A. has grown B. is growing
C. grew D. had grown
解析 選C 該題測試一般過去時在由as引導的時間狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中的運用。分析句意可知，as在此引導時間狀語從句，強調(diào)“一邊……一邊……”之意。主句的謂語動詞與從句的謂語動詞同時進行，且都發(fā)生在過去。這種情況下，as引導的主從句的謂語動詞通常都用一般過去時。
例3.At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (NMET2003北京)
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
解析 選B 該題測試將來進行時在含有將來時間狀語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)中的運用。分析句中時間狀語at this time tomorrow表示將來具體某一時刻，說明句中謂語動詞是在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的事，且強調(diào)正在進行的動作，故應(yīng)選用將來進行時。
例4.John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that. (NMET 2002春)
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
解析 選D 該題題干長，信息量大，但題干中提供了具體時間狀語，降低了測試難度。根據(jù)上下文語境，第一空句中謂語動詞的動作強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止已有8年，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時;第二空句中時間狀語before that，that代指的是we first got to know each other at a Christmas party，強調(diào)在過去某點時間之前所發(fā)生的事，故應(yīng)選用過去完成時。
實戰(zhàn)演練
1. —How are you today?
—Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time .
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
2. —Was the driving pleasant when you were in Shanghai last summer?
—No, it ________ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining
C. have rained D. had been raining
3. The last time I _______ Jane, she _______cotton in the field.
A. had seen; picked B. had seen; was picking
C. saw; picked D. saw; was picking
4. —Sorry, I’m late because driving here was slow because of the traffic.
—That’s all right. I ________long.
A. won’t be waiting B. haven’t been waiting
C. don’t wait D. didn’t wait
5. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________ and perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
6.— The window is dirty.
—I know. It _____ for weeks.(全國卷III)
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
7. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.
(北京卷)
A.has been completed
B.has completed
C.will have been completed
D.will have completed
8. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945. and their power ______ increased enormously ever since.(上海卷)
A. is B. was
C. has beenD. had been
9.—Has Sam finished his homework today?
— I have no idea. He____ it this morning.(全國卷II)
A. did B. has done
C. was doingD. had done
10. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (北京卷)
A.had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
11. —What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?
—I had just finished my work and --------to take a shower.(天津卷)
A. had started B. started
C. have started D. was starting
12.It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) _____the world leading inventor for sixty years .(遼寧)
A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was
13. ①—You look very tired. ____ at all last night?
—No, not really. I’m tired out now. 【2006年陜西卷】
A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping C. Did you sleep D. Had you slept
14. It is said that the early European playing-cards ____ for entertainment and education. 【2006年遼寧卷】
A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed
15.They ____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we____ it as no good results have come out so far. 【2005年江蘇卷】
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
16. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____the Pacific, and we met no storms. 【2005年遼寧卷】
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
二、題干中給定時間狀語，但所給時間狀語干擾性強、迷惑性大，考生必須根據(jù)上下文語境進行判斷，才能作出解答。
例5. I _______while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time. (2004年春季高考北京卷)
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep
C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
解析 選C 分析該題題干，while reading the English textbooks為現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語，因其沒有明確為過去時間所發(fā)生的動作，還是現(xiàn)在時間所發(fā)生的動作，所以，干擾了考生的思維，讓考生產(chǎn)生了定視。不少考生沒有繼續(xù)讀完后一分句，沒能看到后一分句中的一般過去時，都認為前一分句是現(xiàn)在時間所發(fā)生的動作，而誤選了選項B、D。實際上，考生在解答該題時，只要能讀完整個題干，把握住句中動作所發(fā)生的時間段，便能作出正確選擇。
例6.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______fresh for several days. (NMET2003)
A. be stayed B. stay
C. be staying D. have stayed
解析 選B 該題在語境中測試一般將來時、將來進行時以及將來完成時的用法區(qū)別。該題的關(guān)鍵是句中所提供的時間狀語for several days干擾了考生的思維，不少考生因定勢思維的影響，總認為介詞for引導的一段時間作狀語，用于完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)中，而誤選了答案D(將來完成時)。事實上，介詞for引導的一段時間作狀語既可用于完成時，也可用于將來時和一般過去式，而將來完成時常用于by 或by the end of引導的時間狀語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)中。
例7.—You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
—I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.(NMET 02)
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say
C. won’t say D. didn’t say
解析 選D 該題測試一般過去式在語境中的運用。題干中所提供的時間狀語sooner給考生的思維帶來了很大的干擾性。通常情況下，考生對時間狀語soon理解為“不久，很快”，故很多考生受其影響，都誤選了選項C(一般將來時)。而sooner在此意為“先前、早些時候”，強調(diào)過去，同時根據(jù)答話人的語氣I’m sorry，也說明了對過去所發(fā)生事情作出的歉意。所以，應(yīng)選一般過去時。
例8.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. (2002 上海)
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
解析 選C 該題測試將來時間狀語用于時間狀語從句中，從句中的謂語動詞使用一般現(xiàn)在時代指將來時態(tài)的用法。一般情況下，當題中出現(xiàn)了將來時間狀語時，常用一般將來時。但該題中將來時間狀語next year干擾了考生的正常思維，給考生產(chǎn)生了定勢，誤導考生在A、B、C三個選項中徘徊。事實上，當一個狀語從句中出現(xiàn)了將來時間狀語時，主句常用將來時(一般將來時或過去將來時)，而從句則用一般時態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時)或完成時態(tài)(現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時)。
例9.Shirley ______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET1998)
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
解析 選D 該題測試過去時間狀語與過去進行時態(tài)在英語句式中的特殊用法。題中過去時間狀語last year導致了考生的定勢思維，不少考生因此而誤選了選項B(一般過去時)。分析上下文語境可知，選項部分的謂語動詞的動作并非在過去某一時間已經(jīng)完成，而是指在過去某一時間正在進行，故應(yīng)選過去進行時。注意：在這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)中，只有延續(xù)性動詞才可與過去時間狀語用于過去進行時，強調(diào)在過去某一時間正在進行的動作。
實戰(zhàn)演練
1. —Can I help you, sir?
—Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _________.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work
C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
2. Many years ago, Jane ________ in a flat with her grandma for a long period of time.
A. had been living B. had lived
C. has been living D. lived
3. —Long time to see. Haven’t you graduated from college?
—Yes. I _______English for four years in Nantong.
A. study B. have studied
C. am studying D. studied
4. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play
C. had played D. played
5. —Hello, Jim. I_____to see you today. Jane said you ill.
—Oh, I’m OK.
A. don’t expect; were
B. haven’t expected; are
C. am not expecting; are
D. didn’t expect; were
三、題干中不直接給定時間狀語
例10.—Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
—Where was I?
—You _________you didn’t like your father’s job. (2004年春季高考北京卷)
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
解析 選C 該題測試過去進行時在特定語境中的運用。根據(jù)題干所提供的情景，題干中沒有明確的表示過去進行時的時間狀語，考生僅能通過上下文語境及說話人的意圖所指動作發(fā)生時間，才能判斷出該動作并非指現(xiàn)在，而是發(fā)生在過去且強調(diào)在過去某段時間持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。實際上，答話人說話時，省略了狀語從句(When I interrupted you, ) you were saying you didn’t like your father’s job.故應(yīng)選用過去進行時。
例11.I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. (2003上海)
A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned
C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned
解析 選C 該題測試一般過去時在特定語境中的用法。提干沒有提供任何時間狀語，但分析上下文語境可知，前一并列分句強調(diào)在過去某一時刻“認為將要發(fā)生的事”，說明后一并列分句也在過去某一時刻發(fā)生(首先排除選項A、D)。該動作又存在在前一并列分句的動作之前發(fā)生，故再排除選項B，選答案C(一般過去時)，說明與前一分句中主句的謂語動詞thought同時進行。
例12. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. (NMET 2001)
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
解析 選A 該題測試現(xiàn)在進行時在特定語境中的用法。題干中沒有提供表示進行時的時間狀語，考生只有通過上下文語境，才能作出選擇。題干中主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，分析從句意義可知，句中謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在且強調(diào)正在進行的動作，故應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在進行時。
例13.I _______ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
解析 選D 該題測試一般現(xiàn)在時在特定語境中的運用。從題干中可以看出，沒有明確的用于一般現(xiàn)在時的時間狀語，考生在解答該題時，只有通過分析上下文語境，才能得知選項動詞的動作并非發(fā)生在過去或?qū)恚矝]有任何完成之意義，而是強調(diào)動作現(xiàn)狀的一般行為，故應(yīng)選一般現(xiàn)在時。
例14.—You have left the light on.
—Oh, so I have. ________and turn it off. (NMET2000)
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone
C. I go D. I’m going
解析 選A 該題不僅測試一般將來時在特定語境中的運用，同時還測試了will do 與be going to do的用法區(qū)別。題干中沒有表示將來的時間狀語，但分析上下文語境可知，該動作并非已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而是表示將要發(fā)生的事，故應(yīng)選一般將來時。但選項A、D都為將來時結(jié)構(gòu)，考生必須在弄清兩者之間的區(qū)別，即will do強調(diào)臨時決定將要發(fā)生的事，而be going to do強調(diào)過去已計劃過的將要發(fā)生的事，才能作出正確選擇。
例15.The price _______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET1999)
A. went down B. will go down
C. has gone down D. was gone down
解析 選C 該題測試現(xiàn)在完成時在特定語境的運用。分析題干，盡管句中沒有表示現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語，但根據(jù)后一并列分句句意可知，選項部分動詞動作是強調(diào)從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，故應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在完成時。
實戰(zhàn)演練
1. —Don’t smoke, Victor. You are a student anyway.
—Well, no one ________me but you at home, Mum. Just this time, OK?
A. saw B. is seeing
C. has seen D. sees
2. Hurry! The train ________. You know it _________ at 8:30a.m.
A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves
C. leaves; is leaving D. is leaving; is leaving
3. I don’t really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. has just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
4. —who is Jerry Cooper?
—________? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’t you met him yet
5. —Oh, it’s you! I ________you.
—I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______advertisements showing happy families(湖南)
A. will often see B. often see
C. are often seeing D. have often seen
7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.(江蘇)
A. begin B. began
C. have begun D. had begun
(責任編輯：郭峰)
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