最新高考閱讀技巧訓練 [二]
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(一)
When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying: “We have to go to work now, ”you’re left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the “work”they go off to is to go on the stage in a theatre.
Stage schools often act as agencies(代理機構)to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name“stage school”are those few places where children attend full time, with a training for the theatre and a general education.
A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
Then of course there are times for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year; those over 13 do 80 days.
The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don’t make it? while all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case.
1. People would stop feeling uneasy when realizing that the children they’re talking to _____.
A. attend a stage school B. are going to the theatre
C. have got some work to do D. love singing and dancing
2. In the writer’s opinion, a good stage school should ______.
A. produce star performers
B. help pupils improve their study skills
C. train pupils in language and performing arts
D. provide a general education and stage training
3. “Professional work”as used in the text means _______.
A. ordinary school work B. money-making performances
C. stage training at school D. acting, singing or dancing after class
4. Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools? _______
A. He thinks highly of what they have to offer.
B. He favours an early start in the training of performing arts.
C. He feels uncomfortable about children putting on night shows.
D. He doubts the standard of ordinary education they have reached.
[譯文]
當一幫孩子停止跟你談話，很有禮貌地說：“我們要去工作了”的時候你會感到驚奇、不安，這畢竟是20世紀90年代，孩子們工作的想法還是不可思議的。確實不可思議，但當你聽說他們是戲校的學生時，你就不再這樣想了。他們要去干的“工作”就是要走上舞臺。
戲校常常是一個代理機構，它給孩子們提供舞臺和電視教學，更能配得上“戲校”這個稱謂的是那些孩子們能夠全天使用的一些地方，或者進行戲劇排練，或者上普通文化課程。
如果你到這些學校去參觀，你就會毫不懷疑地發現孩子們在這里很快樂，畢竟，半天的時間上普通文化課，半天的時間表演、唱歌或者跳舞，還有什么樣的活潑的孩子不會為此而安心呢?
當然有時孩子們也想在大型演出中出名或掙錢，某些戲校讓孩子們在幼小的年齡階段演太多的戲，法律對演戲的多少有嚴格控制，13歲以下的孩子一年中演戲的時間不能超過40天，13歲以下的孩子80天。
學校也承認并不是所有的孩子在他們的訓練專業上都會成功，這樣那些專業不成功的人怎么辦呢?雖然所有重點戲校都說他們非常重視學生的學習質量，事實好象表明并不總是那樣。
(二)
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. He knows what he wants, and his purpose is to find it and buy it, the price is a less important consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it, the salesman immediately produces it, and the business of trying it on is done at once. All being well, the bargain(交易)can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.
For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants. Then the salesman tries to sell the customer(顧客)something else-he offers the nearest he can to the thing required. He usually says, “I know this jacket is not the style(式樣)you want, sir, but would you like to try it on for size? It happens to be the color you wanted. ”Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual reply is: “This is the right colour and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. ”
Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? She does so in the opposite way. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”. She is always open to persuasion, indeed she considers of great importance what the saleswoman tells her, even what her friends tell her. She will try on any number of things. Highest in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Most women have an excellent sense(判斷力)of value when they but clothes. They are always trying to find an unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one counter(柜臺)to another before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It takes a great deal of time but gives great joy. Most dress shops supply chairs for the waiting husbands.
1. When a man is buying clothes, he ______.
A. puts price before quality
B. chooses things that others think suitable for him
C. does not mind much the price he has to pay for the right things
D. buys good quality things, so long as they do not cost too much
2. From the passage, we know that in shopping for a jacket ______.
A. men like their jackets to be bigger than their size
B. most men can tell whether it is the right size for them
C. men make sure it fits them before buying it
D. men don’t worry whether the clothes fit well or not so long as it is the right colour
3. When a man cannot get what he wants, he ______.
A. buys something of the same colour in a slightly different style
B. usually does not buy anything
C. will try on some other clothes of the same style
D. wastes no time in buying something else
4. What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?
A. They welcome suggestions from anyone.
B. Women seldom consider buying cheap clothes.
C. Women often buy things without thinking.
D. They listen to advice but never take it.
5. The most obvious difference between men and women shoppers is ______.
A. that men do not try clothes on in a shop while women do
B. that women bargain for their clothes and men don’t
C. that women do their shopping standing up but men do theirs sitting down
D. the time they take over buying clothes
[譯文]
男女對于選購衣物的體驗絕對不同。男人去購物是因為需要。他的目的就是找到需要的東西并買下它。至于價格卻是次要的。他們走進商店后就徑直走向售貨員詢問他們所需要的東西。如果商店里有，售貨員會立刻出示給他們，而他們也會毫不耽擱地試穿，如果合適，交易會馬上結束。前后時間不會超過5分鐘。絕沒有額外的聊天而且皆大歡喜。
對一個男人來說，問題可能出在商店里沒有他們需要的東西。此時，售貨員會盡力推薦給他們一些另外的東西，一些最接近他們所需要的東西。他通常會說：“我明白這個夾克衫不是你想要的式樣，但是你愿意試試大小嗎?這件顏色正好是你喜歡的。”幾乎沒有一個男人會耐心應付這個提議，而通常的答案是：“這件衣服顏色合適，也許大小也合適，但是我不想浪費你我的時間來試穿這個。”
現在我們來看看女人們是如何買衣服的。答案正好相反。她從來沒有下了決心的時候，她會說：“只是轉轉看看。”她總是廣納善言，事實上，她總認為售貨員所說的話是非常重要的。尤其是她的朋友的意見對她更加重要。各種型號的衣服她都不放過試穿的機會。她的最高理想是找到一件大家都稱好的衣服。多數婦女都能很好地判斷所買衣服的價值。她們總是致力于找到一個意想不到的便宜價格。面對一屋子的衣服，她會輕易地花上一小時的時間一個柜臺一個柜臺地看，然后才想到要試穿她所選好的衣服。這個過程很費時間，但是卻給她們帶來極大的樂趣。大多數商店設有專門的椅子供等待的丈夫們使用。
(三)
You are what you eat. This saying has provided scientists with clues(線索)about the diet of hominids-our early relatives of 3 million years ago.
Studying carbon atoms(碳原子)locked up in tooth enamel(琺瑯質), two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves. Sponheimer and Julia Lee-Thorp of the University of Cape Town, south Africa, report their findings in Friday’s Science.
There aren’t many clues for us to know the life of early hominids. The shape of hominids’ teeth offered the first clues. Large and flat-edged with thick enamel, they looked perfect for eating nuts and fruits, different from the sharp teeth one would want to tear into meat with. The first stone tools, which would help in eating meat, didn’t appear until about half a million years later.
Scientists have also found marks on hominids’ teeth with patterns very similar to those on the teeth of modernday fruit eaters. Sponheimer and Lee-Thorp tried a new method, looking at the chemical composition of the tooth enamel. They studied the enamel for the carbon-13. Animals that eat grasses have higher carbon-13 levels than those eating fruits and other plants.
What they found was that the teeth of the hominids had an in-between amount of carbon-13, which meant not only they were eating fruits, they were eating a lot of grass, or animals eating grasses. The lower carbon-13 levels could also come from eating certain types of insects(昆蟲).
But there are people who understand differently. Porf. Ungar of the University of Arkansas agrees the study offers new suggestions of hominid diet, but disagrees about the suggestion that meat could explain the lower carbon-13 levels.
One suggestion might be true though-take good care of your teeth. In 3 million years, a scientist might be using them to figure out what you ate for dinner.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Protect Your Teeth. B. What the Hominid Ate.
C. Where the Hominid lived. D. The Formation of Tooth Enamel.
2. Before the two scientists’ findings, most people thought that hominids ______.
A. lived half a million years ago B. ate mainly fruits and leaves
C. used tools to dig grass D. had sharp teeth
3. The two scientists’ findings were mainly based on the study about ______.
A. the shape of hominids’ teeth
B. the teeth marks of early fruit eaters
C. the grasses of 3 million years ago
D. the make-up of the tooth enamel
4. What is it that Prot. Ungar finds doubtful?
A. Hominids possibly ate grass-eating animals.
B. Hominids probably had different diets.
C. Hominids were basically fruit-and grasseaters
D. Hominids had lower level of carbon-13 in their teeth.
[譯文]
你的飲食習慣影響著你。這一說法給科學家提供了三百萬年前早期人類的飲食線索。
通過研究牙齒琺瑯質中的碳原子，兩位研究人員反駁了被廣泛認同的觀點：hominids人只吃水果和樹葉。南非，開普頓城Thorp大學的Sponheimer和Julia Lee在Friday’s Science上報道了他們的發現。
沒有很多的線索供我們了解早期人類的生活。他們牙齒的形狀提供了第一線索。大而扁平邊緣帶有厚的琺瑯質的牙齒非常適合他們吃堅果和水果，他們不同于我們撕咬肉用的尖利牙齒。第一批幫助人們吃肉的石器工具，直到大約五十萬年前出現。
科學家也發現了Hominids人牙齒上的斑痕和現代吃水果人的相似。Sponheimert Julia Lee，嘗試了一個新方法，觀察了牙齒琺瑯質的化學成分，他們研究了琺瑯質中的碳原子十三。食草動物中碳原子十三含量高于吃水果和別的植物的動物。
他們發現hominids的牙齒的碳原子數量介于這兩者之間，那意味著他們不僅吃水果，他們也吃許多草或者食草動物。碳原子數量低可能因為他們吃某些昆蟲。
但有些人有不同的理解。Arkansas大學的Ungar教授同意研究提供了hominid飲食的新說法，但是他不同意肉能解釋碳原子十三水平低這一說法。
一種建議是正確的：保護好你的牙齒。三百萬年之后，某一科學家可能會使用它們推斷出你吃什么食物。
【試題答案】
(一)答案及分析
1. A。文章第一段談到當年齡如此小的孩子要去工作時，你會感到不安，但當聽說他們是戲校的學生，他們說的“工作”也就是排戲時，你就放心了。選項A與之符合。
2. D。作者的觀點是一個好的戲校既要學普通文化課又要說戲劇表演。選項D與之一致。
3. C。此處的professional work指職業性工作，也就是指孩子們的專業，即舞臺表演，故選C。選項D中的acting, singing or dancing雖然也是舞臺表演，但after class使這些舞臺表演成為業余的，而非專業的，與文章不符。
4. D。文章的最后一段表明作者對孩子的普通文化課教育有所擔心，故選D。
(二)答案及分析：
1. C。這是一道細節題。男人只是想買到他所需要的東西，而價格是其次的。“He knows what he wants, and his purpose is to find it and buy it, the price is a less important consideration. ”
2. C。從文章第二自然段的例子中可看出，男人買夾克衫時在買之前就確定了顏色式樣，如果式樣不符合他的想法，即使顏色合適，他都不肯花時間試穿一下。
3. B。這是一道寓意題。從第二段可看出，如果男人買不到自己需要的東西，很少人會有耐心響應售貨員的提議去看其他商品。
4. A。最后一段有這樣的句子：“She is always open to persuasion, indeed she considers of great importance what the salewoman tells her, even what her friends tell her. ”這一句說明了女性購物時的心態和特點。
5. A。這是一道綜合推理題。此題要求說出男女購物者最明顯的差別。男人如果找到需要的衣服，連試穿帶交易不會超過5分鐘。而他們對于式樣或顏色不適合的衣服連試穿都會委婉地拒絕。女人正相反。她們在試穿衣服時絕不吝嗇時間，而丈夫們只好在椅子上坐等。
(三)答案及分析：
1. B。通過研究他們的牙齒推斷他們的飲食。
2. B。第二段“two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves”。
3. D。第四段和第五段論述他們的發現基于牙齒琺瑯質的組成。
4. A。第六段“disagrees about the suggestion that meat could explain the lower Carbon-13 Level”第五段“Animals that eat grasses have higher Cabon-13 levels。”
(責任編輯：郭峰)
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