高考英語(yǔ)有關(guān)虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法的重要語(yǔ)法

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  I 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

  ① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

  ② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.

  句子①②都是虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過(guò)去的情況,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí),但在主句中,句①依然指代過(guò)去的情況,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是would have done,而②中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now, 這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形,學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在,從而按句①的形式填寫答案。

  Ⅱ虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的用法

  1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered, suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中,主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等

  例如:① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.

  ② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.

  2. suggest, insist 后面指賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需注意的地方

  1)①suggest 當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”

  例如:He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建議立即動(dòng)工。

  類似的動(dòng)詞還有insist堅(jiān)持,demand要求,desire要求、請(qǐng)求,request請(qǐng)求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建議,command命令,ask要求,advise建議,prefer寧愿等。

  這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(如:It is suggested + that主語(yǔ)從句)形式后,主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

  這些動(dòng)詞變名詞(如suggestion)后,其后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)部分仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

  ②suggest 當(dāng)“提出(某看法),暗示,啟發(fā)”講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

  例如:(1)The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member

  警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。

  (2)Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。

  (3)Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.雖然他沒(méi)提出我們應(yīng)該終止游過(guò)這條河的決定,但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯(cuò)誤的。

  A:stop; was B: should stop; be C: stopped ;was D: stopped; should be

  在這個(gè)句子中,前一個(gè)suggest當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講,而后一個(gè)作“表明”講,所以答案為“A”

  2)①insist作“堅(jiān)決要求…該…;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…定要…”講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

  例如:I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里去

  ②insist 作“堅(jiān)持(意見(jiàn),看法);堅(jiān)持說(shuō),確信”講時(shí),其后從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

  例如:He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他聽(tīng)到隔壁屋子里有人。

  (責(zé)任編輯:郭峰)

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