高考英語重點語法:形容詞和副詞的運用
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I. 形容詞
1.形容詞的位置:形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況下后置
1
修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構成的復合不定代詞時
nobody absent, everything possible
2
以-able, -ible結尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后
the best book available, the only solution possible
3
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語時后置
the only person awake
4
和空間、時間、單位連用時
a bridge 50 meters long
5
成對的形容詞可以后置
a huge room simple and beautiful
6
形容詞短語一般后置
a man difficult to get on with
7
enough修飾名詞時可以前置也可以后置,但修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置
______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a
lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)
A.Brave enough students ? ? ?B.Enough breave students
C.Students brave enough ? ? ? D.Students enough brave
注意:多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序
熟記口訣就可以順利解題:限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡和新老,顏色國籍跟材料,作用類別往后靠。
規則:限定語(The、A)+ 描繪性形容詞 + size(小)+ shape(形狀)+ age(年齡、時間)+ color(顏色)+ origin(國籍、來源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名詞。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
2.復合形容詞的構成
1
形容詞+名詞+ed
kind-hearted
6
名詞+形容詞
world-famous
2
形容詞+形容詞
dark-blue
7
名詞+現在分詞
peace-loving
3
形容詞+現在分詞
ordinary-looking
8
名詞+過去分詞
snow-covered
4
副詞+現在分詞
hard-working
9
數詞+名詞+ed
three-egged
5
副詞+過去分詞
newly-built
10
數詞+名詞
twenty-year
3.形容詞(短語)作伴隨狀語
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當他看著山羊的時候,山羊翻了個身,死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困難,他們寧愿走好走的路。
II.副詞的分類:
1
時間副詞
soon, now, early, finally, once, recently
5
頻度副詞
always, often, frequently, seldom, never
2
地點副詞
here, nearby, outside, upwards, above
6
疑問副詞
how, where, when, why
3
方式副詞
hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really
7
連接副詞
how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
4
程度副詞
almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather
8
關系副詞
when, where, why
III. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級
形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級,比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est,多音節和一些雙音節詞前加more 和most.
項 ? 目
例 ?句
同級比較時常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…
She is as tall as her mother.
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
雙方比較,表示一方超過另一方時,用“比較級 (+ than)”
的結構表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one)。
表示一方不及另一方時,用“less + 原級 + than”的結構表示
This room is less beautiful than that one.
表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the more…the more…”句型
The harder you work, the more progress you will make
用比較級來表達最高級的意思
I have never spent a more worrying day.
我從來沒有度過這樣令人煩惱的一天。
(意為:我度過了最為令人煩惱的一天。)
倍數的表達
表達法一:A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。
表達法二:A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。
表達法三:A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。
用times 表倍數通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用twice或double.
注意:1. 可以修飾比較級的詞有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;
2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect,superior,junior等。
(責任編輯:郭峰)
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