高考英語重點語法:形容詞和副詞的運用

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  I. 形容詞

  1.形容詞的位置:形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況下后置

  1

  修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構成的復合不定代詞時

  nobody absent, everything possible

  2

  以-able, -ible結尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后

  the best book available, the only solution possible

  3

  alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語時后置

  the only person awake

  4

  和空間、時間、單位連用時

  a bridge 50 meters long

  5

  成對的形容詞可以后置

  a huge room simple and beautiful

  6

  形容詞短語一般后置

  a man difficult to get on with

  7

  enough修飾名詞時可以前置也可以后置,但修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置

  ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a

  lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)

  A.Brave enough students ? ? ?B.Enough breave students

  C.Students brave enough ? ? ? D.Students enough brave

  注意:多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序

  熟記口訣就可以順利解題:限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡和新老,顏色國籍跟材料,作用類別往后靠。

  規則:限定語(The、A)+ 描繪性形容詞 + size(小)+ shape(形狀)+ age(年齡、時間)+ color(顏色)+ origin(國籍、來源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名詞。

  ▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)

  A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish

  2.復合形容詞的構成

  1

  形容詞+名詞+ed

  kind-hearted

  6

  名詞+形容詞

  world-famous

  2

  形容詞+形容詞

  dark-blue

  7

  名詞+現在分詞

  peace-loving

  3

  形容詞+現在分詞

  ordinary-looking

  8

  名詞+過去分詞

  snow-covered

  4

  副詞+現在分詞

  hard-working

  9

  數詞+名詞+ed

  three-egged

  5

  副詞+過去分詞

  newly-built

  10

  數詞+名詞

  twenty-year

  3.形容詞(短語)作伴隨狀語

  As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當他看著山羊的時候,山羊翻了個身,死了。

  Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困難,他們寧愿走好走的路。

  II.副詞的分類:

  1

  時間副詞

  soon, now, early, finally, once, recently

  5

  頻度副詞

  always, often, frequently, seldom, never

  2

  地點副詞

  here, nearby, outside, upwards, above

  6

  疑問副詞

  how, where, when, why

  3

  方式副詞

  hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really

  7

  連接副詞

  how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile

  4

  程度副詞

  almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather

  8

  關系副詞

  when, where, why

  III. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級

  形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級,比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est,多音節和一些雙音節詞前加more 和most.

  項 ? 目

  例 ?句

  同級比較時常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…

  She is as tall as her mother.

  I am not as/ so good a player as you are.

  雙方比較,表示一方超過另一方時,用“比較級 (+ than)”

  的結構表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。

  This picture is more beautiful than that one.

  I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one)。

  表示一方不及另一方時,用“less + 原級 + than”的結構表示

  This room is less beautiful than that one.

  表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the more…the more…”句型

  The harder you work, the more progress you will make

  用比較級來表達最高級的意思

  I have never spent a more worrying day.

  我從來沒有度過這樣令人煩惱的一天。

  (意為:我度過了最為令人煩惱的一天。)

  倍數的表達

  表達法一:A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

  The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

  這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。

  表達法二:A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

  Asia is four times as large as Europe.

  亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。

  表達法三:A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

  Your school is three times bigger than ours.

  你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。

  用times 表倍數通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用twice或double.

  注意:1. 可以修飾比較級的詞有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;

  2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect,superior,junior等。

  (責任編輯:郭峰)

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