高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法:虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)點(diǎn)

2017-05-12 06:07:38 來(lái)源:精品學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

  虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí),所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。以下是虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)點(diǎn),請(qǐng)考生認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。

  一、虛擬條件句

  條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

  l-條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語(yǔ)十過(guò)去時(shí),tiag+should (could,would,或might)+動(dòng)詞原形,例如:If l were you,1 would study hard.

  2.條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞,主語(yǔ)+should(could, would,或might)+have+過(guò)去分詞,例如:If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term

  3.條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致,句型為:lf+主語(yǔ)+should/were to+do,主語(yǔ)+should( could.)+原形do,例如:If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.

  注意:

  1.If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。

  2-根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況,即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況,條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況,但都遵守上述句型。

  3.在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if'

  將這些詞提前置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝,例如:w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球,我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。

  二,名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣

  在表示命令、建議、要求、驚嘆的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。基本句型為:主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形,例如:

  1.Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed atnine o'clock(賓語(yǔ)從句)

  2.It was required that the crops (should) be:harvested at once.(主語(yǔ)從句)

  3.The suggestion that he (should) be invited wasrejected.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

  4.That is their demand that their wages (should) bemcreased.(表語(yǔ)從句)

  注意:在這種句子中絕不能出現(xiàn)“would”“must”

  “could”等。

  三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句

  1.wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句。

  與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致,用主語(yǔ)十過(guò)去時(shí),例如:

  I wi。hIwere you.

  與過(guò)去愿望不一致,用主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞,例如:Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States與將來(lái)愿望不一致,用主語(yǔ)+would (could)+原形。

  2.It's time句型:當(dāng)lt's tin】e后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為主i吾+should+動(dòng)詞原形或主語(yǔ)十過(guò)去時(shí),例如:It,s time thatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL

  3- If only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How I wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”。

  (l)If only he could come.他要能來(lái)就好了。

  (2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。

  4.WOuld rather,as if(though)引導(dǎo)的從句也需使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在與將來(lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí),例如:

  (l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.

  (2)She loves the children as if they were hers.

  5.含蓄虛擬條件句含蓄條件句是指句中沒(méi)有明顯的虛擬條件句,而是利用其他手段來(lái)暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常用來(lái)表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有:

  (1)介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。如but for,but that,without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。

  (2)連詞。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

  注意:lest, for fear that和in case引起的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形,但也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語(yǔ)氣形式。例如:The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him這位外籍教師說(shuō)得很慢以免我們誤解。

  (3)通過(guò)上下文及內(nèi)在含義,句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。

  without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。例如:

  ①Without you,1 would never know him

  ②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it

  ③But that she was afraid, she would have said no. .

  ④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.

  ⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.

  ⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!

  虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容就是這些,育路網(wǎng)預(yù)祝廣大考生金榜題名。

  (責(zé)任編輯:郭峰)

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