09年高考英語考試內容：閱讀理解
閱讀理解是高考的重頭戲。在沖刺階段，應有計劃地安排考生多進行一些限時訓練，通常每五篇閱讀材料作為一組，在35到40分鐘里完成。這樣既可以保證考場上充沛的閱讀精力和體力，又可以營造考試的氛圍，還提高了閱讀速度。不要忘了The examination is a race against time(考試就是和時間賽跑)。同時，為了適應高考閱讀材料，不妨讀一些難易程度適中、原汁原味的文章，有條件的同學可以讀21th Century(成人版)，English Salon，也許會起到無心插柳柳成蔭的效果。我們不僅要加強閱讀訓練，而且要注重以下幾個方面：閱讀要有廣度；閱讀要有深度；閱讀要有速度，按考試說明中35分鐘的建議答題時間計算，讀速應達60WPM左右。
不但要快速閱讀、整體理解，還要注意積累詞語。“聽不懂，說不出，讀不通，寫不好，都是英語單詞記得少。”如果你的詞匯量達到或超過大綱的要求，對付任何試題也就不成問題。做閱讀題時，一遍瀏覽大意，二遍各個擊破，三遍檢查核對。閱讀時眼中有字，心中揣意，把握命題原則——“大小猜判”。(大—— 考查大意；小—— 細節辨別；猜—— 字詞句義；判—— 推理判斷。)判斷文章的中心思想時，注意全文的中心不可太具體，但也不能與文章內容相差太遠。猜測詞義一定要看上下文，因為英語的特點是沒有上下文就沒有意思。在做閱讀理解題時，要學會將文章、題干、選項統一起來，在理解文章的基礎上，領會考查內容。閱讀理解不是考查考生語法知識，因此在做答時不能忽略細節，要利用細節對文意進行推理和判斷，看各選項在意思上有什么不同，切勿忽視做題的第一印象。 要求考生讀懂公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文章。考生應能：
(1)理解主旨和要義；
【導讀】文章的主旨大意一般出現在開頭、結尾和過渡段。不過有時貫穿整篇文章。考生要培養快速瀏覽全文，提取主旨要義的能力。
(2)理解文中具體信息；
(3)根據上下文推斷生詞的詞義；
【導讀】正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義，是理解文章的第一步，也是基礎。英語單詞的含義隨語境的不同會有所不同。能根據上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。此外，不使用詞典而通過閱讀上下文推斷生詞的含義，是一個合格的讀者所必須具備的能力，也是閱讀測試中經常檢測的一種能力。
(4)作出簡單判斷和推理；
(5)理解文章的基本結構；
【導讀】把握全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關系。對這種能力的考查，一般反映在理解文中某一段落的作用或某些詞語的指代關系的題目中。
(6)理解作者的意圖、觀點和態度。
【試題舉例】(2008年全國卷Ⅰ)
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson，Arizona.He moved there a few years ago，and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are of a tall，handsome，successful man devoted to his work and family，but uncomfortable with his children.As a child I loved him；as a school girl and young adult(成年人)I feared him and felt bitter about him.He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was.Whenever I went out with him on weekends，I used to struggle to think up things to say，feeling on guard.
On the first day of my visit，we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor cafe.We walked along that afternoon，did some shopping，ate on the street table，and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions.Gone was my father’s critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules.Who was this person I knew as my father，who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around？What had held him back before?
The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood.Although our times together became easier over the years，I never felt closer to him at that moment.After so many years，I’m at last seeing another side of my father.And in so doing，I’m delighted with my_new_friend.My dad，in his new home in Arizona，is back to me from where he was.
56.Why did the author feel bitter about her father as a young adult?
A.He was silent most of the time.
B.He was too proud of himself.
C.He did not love his children.
D.He expected too much of her
57.When the author went out with her father on weekends，she would feel________.
A.nervous B.sorry
C.tired D.safe
58.What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
A.More critical. B.More talkative.
C.Gentle and friendly. D.Strict and hardworking.
59.The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to________.
A.the author’s son
B.the author’s father
C.the friend of the author’s father
D.the cafe owner 【文章大意】本文是記敘文，主要講述“我”和自己的小兒子去“我”父親家看他的新房子的事情。我感受到了父親的巨大變化：他以前那種嚴厲冷酷的架勢不見了，多了一份親切、關懷。
56.【答案】D
【解析】考查細節理解。答案信息在第二段“...felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s...”。
57.【答案】A
【解析】細節判斷題。信息提示在第二段最后一句話：“Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.”
58.【答案】C
【解析】細節理解題。從第三段與第四段可找到答案。
59.【答案】B
【解析】考查指代問題。根據全文可知，父親以前很苛刻，我和他關系很疏遠，如今他變了，容易讓人親近了，此時把父親稱作自己的“新”朋友，后文信息提示“my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.” (2008年北京卷)
Domestic(馴養的)horses now pull ploughs，race in the Kentucky Derby，and carry police.But early horses weren’t tame(馴服的)enough to perform these kinds of tasks.Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.
Thousands of years ago，people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food.Over time，people began to catch the animals and raise them.This was the first step in domestication.
As people began to tame and ride horses，they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics.For example，people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily.People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals.Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’genes.So as the domesticated horses reproduced，they passed the characteristics on to their young.Each new generation of horses would show more of these chosen characteristics.
Modernday horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication.The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds－typically reaching only one meter tall.With short，strong legs，the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts(礦井)with low ceilings.Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700.People bred these heavy，tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.
The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies.For example，horses were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture.Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently.Before they were able to ride horses，humans had to cross land on foot.Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distances in much less time.That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another.The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.
59.Before domestication horses were.
A.caught for sports B.hunted for food
C.made to pull ploughs D.used to carry people
60.The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show.
A.it is smaller than the Clydesdale horse
B.horses used to have gentle personalities
C.some horses have better shapes than others
D.horses were of less variety before domestication
61.Horses contributed to the spread of culture by.
A.carrying heavy loads
B.changing farming methods
C.serving as a means of transport
D.advancing agriculture in different areas
62.The passage is mainly about.
A.why humans domesticated horses
B.how humans and horses needed each other
C.why horses came in different shapes and sizes
D.how human societies and horses influenced each other【文章大意】文章從現代馬的功用與過去的功用的不同入手，講述了人類如何對馬進行選擇馴化，造成了馬的種群的多樣性；同時也介紹了馬的馴化對人類社會的影響。
59.【答案】B
【解析】細節判斷題。由第一、二段可判斷，人類先是獵馬為食，然后喂養，最后才是根據人類需要進行馴化。
60.【答案】D
【解析】細節推斷題。由第四段第二句“This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication”可推斷出馬被馴化前沒有如此多的種群，再由作者所舉的例子“the shetland horse”可看出馬是根據人的需要從單一種群被馴化為多種種群的。
61.【答案】C
【解析】細節判斷題。從最后一段“Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distances in much less time .”和“The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.”可判斷馬在文化傳播中所扮演的角色為交通工具。
62.【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。文章前兩段引入馬的馴化這一話題。第三、四段講述人類根據自身需要把馬馴化為多個種群。第五段講述了馬對人類社會發展的影響。只有D項涵蓋了文章的內容。
(責任編輯：盧雁明)
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