2009最完整的高考語法終極解析-冠詞
1. 冠詞(a, an, the)
難點形成原因:
1. 分不清元音音素、輔音音素或元音字母、輔音字母。
2. 不能區分不定冠詞a ,an和定冠詞the, 不知什么是特指、泛指。
3. 把握不準特殊情況下冠詞的用法。
4. 沒有經常總結,歸納。
5. 訓練量不足, 使用不熟練,易混淆。
解決辦法:
1. 老師挑選典型例句進行精講精煉。
2. 總結、記住特例。
3. 熟記用法。
4. 多積累,多鞏固,多進行記憶并對一些抽象的題目進行具體化的演繹分析。
5. 多復習,多練習。
用法講解:
冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種:定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的基本用法
不定冠詞用于單數可數名詞之前,其中a用于以輔音音素(輔音音素24個【 p 】 【 b 】【 t 】 【 d 】 【 m 】 【 l 】 【 r 】等,不是輔音字母)開始的詞前。而an是用于以元音音素(元音音素20個 【 i: 】 【 i 】 【 e 】【 au 】等, 不是元音字母a, e, i, o, u)開始的詞前。如: a university, a useful tool , a computer, an orange, an hour, an 800-meter bridge,
Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite an exciting experience. (02全國)
用法 | 典型例句 |
1、與可數名詞單數連用,表示類別。 | --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard. --- You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer. (2006 北京) |
2、泛指某人或某物, 表示"某一個",相當于a certain。 | --- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? (2006 全國1) --- Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here. |
3、用于數量、時間等名詞前,表示“每一(單位)的……”相當于per。 | I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海) |
4、用于固定詞組中。 | a knowledge of , have a gift for , give sb. a ride, a couple of, have a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, tell a lie, do sb. a favor |
二、定冠詞的基本用法
用法 | 典型例句 |
1、用來特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。所特指的名詞常被短語或定語從句所修飾。 | Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most important one.(2006 遼寧) |
2、指說話的雙方都知道的人或事物。 | Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you. (2006 浙江) |
3、復述上文中提到的事物。 | There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new. |
4、用于單數可數名詞之前,表示該類事物,相當于a。 | When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. (04全國I) |
5、序數詞和形容詞最高級前。 比較級前若表示特指時也要用定冠詞the。 | The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. (02上海春季) I want to chat with the taller of the two men. |
6、在表示方位、樂器的名詞前。 | Summer in the south of play the piano, play the violin |
7、用于復數姓氏之前,表示“夫婦”或“全家”。 | the Smiths |
8、表示世界上獨一無二事物的名詞前。 | the sun; the moon; the earth; the world |
9、用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞、江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運河及某些建筑物等名稱前。 | According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. (2006 全國II ) After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the |
10、在某些形容詞之前,可表示某一類人。 | the rich; the poor; the old; the wounded, the living, the dead |
三、不用冠詞(零冠詞)情況:
用法 | 典型例句 |
1、人名、地名(街名、廣場名、公園名)、大學名、國名、病名前。 | Wang Fu Jing Street Pei Hai Park北海公園 Beijing University 但也可說the University of Beijing |
2、抽象名詞表示一般概念時,一般不用冠詞。 | When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. (04遼寧) |
3、物質名詞表示一般概念時,一般不用冠詞。 | The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.(2001全國) |
4、表示職位或頭銜的抽象名詞前,常不用冠詞。但表示具體的人時,加the。 | We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 類似的名詞還有:president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等 |
5、表示季節、月份、星期幾、節、假日等表示時間的名稱前,不用冠詞。但我國的陰歷節前要用the。 | Children’s Day; Women’s Day; May Day the Spring Festival |
6、三餐、學科名稱、球類活動和棋類游戲的名稱前,不用冠詞。 | play basketball; play chess |
7、man作“人類”講時,同human, mankind 一樣不用冠詞。 | While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, |
8、by與表示“通信、交通”的詞連用,表示通信,交通手段時,不用冠詞。 | If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one. (05全國III) |
9、復數名詞前不用冠詞泛指類別。 | It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. ( 05北京) |
10、有些名詞與介詞搭配表示抽象意義,不加冠詞,常作狀語。 | His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.(2001上海) in surprise (wonder, danger, tears, comfort ), in love with, under pressure, beyond expression等 |
典例精析:
1. _______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _______ packed lunch. (2007山東)
A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The; a D. A; 不填
答案:C。
解析:the walk是指大家心中都明白的walk,因此用定冠詞特指;a packed lunch是泛指,指一份盒飯。
2. --- Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnsons, please?
--- Sorry, we don' t have _______ Johnson here in the village. (2007 全國II)
A. the; the B. the; a C不填; the D. the; 不填
答案:B。
解析:"the +復數姓氏"表示"夫婦"或"全家"。在人的姓前加a,表示"某個姓……的人"。所以選B。
3. I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week. (2007北京)
A. the; a B. the; the C. 不填;the D. the; 不填
答案:B。
解析:bed特指說話的雙方心目中的那張床,要用定冠詞the。book后接定語從句,特指上周丟失的那本書,要用定冠詞the。所以選B。
4. I wanted to catch _____early train, but couldn't get _____ride to the station. (2007天津)
A. an; the B./; the C. an; / D. the; a
答案:D。
解析:early train特指早班火車,要用定冠詞the。ride表示泛指要用不定冠詞a。所以選D。
5. Christmas is ______ special holiday when ______whole family are supposed to get together.(2007遼寧)
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the
答案:D。
解析:這句話的意思是:圣誕節是一個整個家庭應該聚在一起的特殊的節日。 A special holiday"一個特殊的節日",是泛指,用不定冠詞a。the whole family特指"整個家庭",用定冠詞the。所以選D。
(責任編輯:盧雁明)
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