歷年考研英語真題閱讀100篇四

Higher rates! Bigger fees!
　　In recent weeks, you‘ve heard plenty about the sleazy side of the subprime mortgage business. Rising numbers of borrowers are losing their homes after being lured into high�瞔ost mortgages they couldn’t afford. But there�餾 another piece of the painful subprime story that hasn’t hit the headlines yet: costly-sometimes abusive-subprime credit cards. They�餽e bleeding millions of borrowers who didn’t know what they were getting into.
　　Subprimes come in two types: Cards that are crazily costly to begin with and cards that look good but hide big traps. You know about traps if you‘ve paid some bills late and are now being charged with interest at 30 percent. In general, here�餾 how the business works:
　　The bottom�瞗eeding cards-for people with damaged credit-offer you a decent interest rate on credit lines "up to" $3,000. When the card arrives, however, your line might be only $250. And then come the fees! "Program" fees. Account set up fees. Participation fees. Annual fees. They�餽e charged to your tiny credit line, leaving you almost nothing to spend.
　　Two better�瞜nown card issuers with a big subprime business are Capital One and HSBC�餾 Orchard Bank. They charge lower upfront fees than other cards do. But if you fall behind, it�餾 tough. Cap One�餾 penalty rate is currently 28.15 percent. Orchard Bank doesn’t disclose its penalty rate online and wouldn’t tell me what it is (that didn’t engender confidence!). Cap One has a reputation for issuing multiple cards to people who bump up against their credit limits. That gives them two cards, with two low limits, to overspend.
　　Lenders have figured out many ways of extracting fees. There’s "universal default", where a late payment on one card can trigger high penalty rates on every card you own. There’s the "endless late fee", where your payments never catch up with the new penalties you�餽e charged. There’s "two cycle billing"-too complicated to explain here, but which amounts to charging interest on balances that you’ve already paid. And "retroactive price hikes," where banks impose higher rates on old balances as well as new ones. "What other business can get away with raising the price of something you already purchased?" says Travis Plunkett of the Consumer Federation of America.
　　These practices startle consumers who think such high fees and interest rates must be against the law. But the Supreme Court effectively deregulated credit card rates 30 years ago, and 10 years ago it deregulated the size of the fees a bank could charge. Prior to fee deregulation, late fees hovered between $13 and $15, says Robert McKinley of CardWeb.com, which tracks the business. Now they run from $30 to $40. "It�餾 out of control," he says. "Banks know they’ve pushed this too far."
　　This year, however, the new Congress started holding hearings. Suddenly Citi dropped universal default and JPMorgan Chase ended two cycle billing. But those are just gestures. Without fee caps or usury laws, we�餽e in the bankers hands.
　　sleazy 
　　a.質地薄的, 質量差的, 廉價的；烏煙瘴氣的
　　charge
　　v.①索（價），要（人）支付，收費；②控告，指控；③充電；④承擔；n.①［pl.］費用，代價；②電荷，負荷
　�。壅骖}例句］ Railroads typically charge (v.①) such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.［2003年閱讀3］
　　［例句精譯］ 通常，鐵路公司對這些"被控"客戶的收費要比有另一鐵路公司競爭業務時多20%～30%。
　　［真題例句］ Now he is suing the casino,charging (v.②) that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.［2006年新題型］
　�。劾�句精譯］ 現在他正在起訴這個娛樂場，起訴它應該拒絕自己進入并參與賭博，因為它知道他已經上癮了。
　�。壅骖}例句］ (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged (v.　�、�) with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. ［2006年翻譯］
　　［例句精譯］ (48) 我之所以把普通科學家排除在外，是因為盡管他的成就可能有助于解決道德問題，但他還沒承擔起研究道德問題事實方面以外的任何責任。
　　credit
　　v./n.信用，信任；n.信用貸款，賒欠；名譽，名望；光榮，功勞；學分
　　penalty
　　n.處罰，懲罰
　　［真題例句］ In a significant (32：tightening) of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a (33：draft) bill that will propose making payments to witnesses (34：illegal) and will strictly control the amount of (35：publicity) that can be given to a case (36：before) a trial begins.［2001年完形］
　　(35) ［A］ publicity［B］ penalty ［C］ popularity［D］ peculiarity
　　［例句精譯］ 為了更有效地對新聞界實施合法監控，大法官Irvine勛爵將引入一項草擬的法案，該法案將提出，付款給證人是非法的；在審判開始前，對案件的曝光度要嚴格控制。
　　(35) ［A］ （公眾的）注意，公開，宣傳
　�。跙］ 處罰，懲罰
　�。跜］ 普及，流行
　�。跠］ 特性，特色
　　bump
　　v.①（against，into）碰，撞；②顛簸著前進；n.①碰撞；②隆起物
　　retroactive
　　a.反動的；追溯的, 有追溯力的, 從以往某天開始生效的
　　Little Tips:
　　按揭貸款市場大致可以分為三個層次，優質貸款市場(Prime Market)，"ALT-A"貸款市場，和次級貸款市場(Subprime Market)。優質貸款市場面向信用等級高(信用分數在660分以上)，收入穩定可靠，債務負擔合理的優良客戶，這些人原來主要是選用比較為傳統的30年或15年固定利率按揭貸款。次級市場是指信用分數低于620分，收入證明缺失，負債較重的人。而"ALT-A"貸款市場則是介于二者之間的龐大灰色地帶，它既包括信用分數在620到660之間的主流階層，又包括分數高于660的高信用度客戶中的相當一部分人。
　　高利率，高收費！
　　幾周，很多媒體報道了次級按揭貸款業務的負面新聞。越來越多的借貸者卷入他們無法償還的高價按揭貸款中，失去自己的房子。 但是還有關于次級消費的事情并未成為報紙頭條：昂貴并且有時泛濫成災的次級信用卡。他們正在從數百萬不知道自己已經掉入陷阱的借貸者身上榨取錢財。
　　次級信用卡分為兩類：一種卡一開始收費就極其昂貴，另一種卡看上去不錯但隱藏著巨大陷阱。大家都了解有些陷阱，比如如果你推遲償還帳單就會要付30% 的利息。一般來說，這項業務如下開展：
　　對于信譽不良的人來說，信用卡提供的利息率可以接受，其底線額度達到3000美元。 然而當卡拿到手中時，額度可能只有250美元，還要收費。"項目"費， 帳戶開設費，參與費以及年費。收費幾乎達到你小小的信貸額度，幾乎沒有留錢給你花。
　　兩家比較著名的發卡銀行第一資金和匯豐Orchard銀行都擁有龐大的次級信用卡業務。他們比其他卡收取的預支費要低，但是如果你拖欠還款，那就日子艱難了。第一資金現在的罰款利率是28.15%。Orchard銀行沒有在網上公布其罰款利率，也不會告訴我是多少（這毫不讓人產生信心�。�。第一資金會發多張卡給借貸者，而這些人常常消費達到其信用限貸。借貸者擁有兩張第一資金的卡，兩張卡限貸都很低，使得他們很容易超支。
　　放貸人想了很多方法來提取費用。當你拖欠一卡的付費時引發對你每張卡的高額罰款利率，稱之為"普及違約"。"永無休止的拖欠費"，因為你還的款總也趕不上對你追加的新罰款。雖然"雙計費周期"難于解釋清楚，但其所收取的銀行結余利息你早就已經支付了。還有"追溯漲價"，銀行對你的新舊帳戶結余征收更高利率。美國消費者協會的特拉維斯•普朗凱特評論說："有什么業務能不提高你已經購買東西的價格就賺錢的呢？"
　　這些做法令消費者震驚，他們認為這樣高的收費和利息肯定違反了法律。但是比較高法院在三十年前就撤銷了對信用卡利率的有效管制，而十年前又撤銷了對銀行收費規模的管制。一直跟蹤這項業務的來自CardWeb.com的羅伯特•麥肯利說在費用撤銷前，拖欠還款收費在13到15美元間徘徊，而今收費已達30至40美元。麥肯利說："這已經失控了，銀行知道他們已經做得過分了。"
　　今年,新一屆國會開始舉行聽證�；ㄆ焱蝗环艞壠占斑`約收費，JP摩根大通銀行結束雙計費周期。但這些只是擺擺姿態。沒有收費比較高限額或針對放高利貸的相關法律保護，我們就只能任由銀行家宰割了。

Limited resources

　　It‘s been nearly a week since Canadian pet food manufacturer Menu Foods Inc. recalled some 60 million cans and pouches of wet food linked to the deaths of at least 15 cats and one dog, yet authorities still can‘t explain exactly what went wrong. Some critics and animal lovers are honing in on what they see as lax regulation of the $15 billion pet food industry in the United States.
　　There‘s almost a void there, says Bob Vetere, president of the American Pet Product Manufacturers Association. There is no real pet�瞗ood department of any federal agency.
　　Technically, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for ensuring that pet foods, like human foods, are safe to eat, truthfully labeled and produced under sanitary conditions. But on Tuesday, FDA officials admitted that the regulation of pet food takes a back seat to its regulatory obligations of other food and drug sectors, and that inspections of pet food processing plants are done only on a for cause basis.
　　There are limited resources, said David Elder, director of the Office of Surveillance and Compliance in the FDA‘s Center for Veterinary Medicine in Rockville, Md. Elder added that inspections of companion animals food products are based on risk , which means that the processing plant in Emporia, Kans., where the tainted food was manufactured, had never been inspected by government officials until after consumers started complaining about pets dying of kidney failure. The Emporia plant remains open and continues to produce new food, according to a Menu Foods spokesperson, who adds that safety tests are being done around the clock.
　　The chief executive of Menu Foods told the Associated Press on Wednesday that the company is looking at one unnamed ingredient as the possible cause of the renal failure. The FDA has previously said the investigation is focusing on possibly contaminated wheat gluten, a common ingredient in pet foods. FDA inspectors have been sent to Menu Foods plants in Kansas and New Jersey.
　　The industry insists their products are absolutely safe. Pet foods are the highest regulated product you‘ll find in the grocery store, says Duane Ekedahl, president of the Pet Food Institute (PFI), an industry trade association representing the interests of 20 member companies whose products make up about 97 percent of the dog and cat food produced in the United States. While serious, the Menu Foods recall shouldn‘t be blown out of proportion, says Ekedahl, who points out that the recalled food accounts for less then 2 percent of the overall market. He adds that every pet food company conducts extensive tests, both of incoming raw materials and of finished products. On Tuesday, PFI issued a statement claiming that All cat and dog food products on store shelves are safe. The recall is now complete and all suspected products have been removed from the stream of commerce.
　　n.小袋, 煙草袋, 錢袋, 育兒袋vt.把......裝入袋中, 使成袋狀vi.成袋狀
　　hone
　　n.（細）磨（刀）石, 油石； v.抱怨, 想念；用磨刀石磨
　　manufacturer
　　n.制造業者，廠商
　�。壅骖}例句］ Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons.［1994年閱讀2］
　　［例句精譯］ 基于同樣的原因，生產商們也依賴計算機。
　　ensure
　　v.確保，保證
　�。壅骖}例句］ By helping to increase demand, it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment.［1995年閱讀1］
　�。劾�句精譯］ 廣告有助于增加市場需求，從而確保對勞動力需求的增加，因此是遏制失業的一個有效方法。
　　sanitary
　　a.(有關)衛生的, (保持)清潔的, 衛生的n.公共廁所
　　ingredient
　　n.組成部分，成分；因素
　�。壅骖}例句］ Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock�瞞arket swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.［2004年閱讀3］
　�。劾�句精譯］ 許多消費者似乎一直受股票市場波動的影響,投資者把這種波動視為持續繁榮的必要因素。
　　Little Tips:
　　寵物主人們對寵物食品懷有不同的期待，如寵物食品應安全、有充足的營養和能使寵物更健康等，這些是至關重要的。健康是很多消費者認為比較重要的問題，對那些不在乎花費購買優質產品的消費者來說尤其如此。

有限的資源

　　加拿大寵物食品生產商Menu Foods公司，因為至少有15只貓和1只狗死亡，而召回與此有關系的0.6億罐和袋裝濕糧已經近一個周，但是當局仍舊不能準確說明哪里出了問題。一些批評家和喜愛動物的人憤憤不平，他們認為在于美國對150億美元的寵物食品行業疏于管理。
　　Bob Vetere是美國寵物商品生產者協會的主席，他說：幾乎有一個空白，沒有一個真正的聯邦機構的寵物食品監管部門。
　　從技術上而言，美國食品與藥品管理局（FDA）對寵物食品負責，確保它們要像人類食品一樣，要能安全食用，如實地貼上標簽，并且要在衛生的條件下被生產出來。但是在星期二，FDA官員承認，相對于其他食品和藥品的管理，對寵物食品的管理處于一個次要的地位，而且對寵物食品加工廠的檢查只是停留在表面上。
　　大衛•愛爾德是位于羅克維爾的FDA動物醫藥中心。
　　他說，資源是有限的，并且對人類的伙伴即動物的食品檢查是不安全的。這就意味著，大量生產腐壞食品的位于堪薩斯恩波里亞的加工廠從來就沒有接受過政府官員的檢查，直到消費者開始抱怨他們的寵物是死于腎衰竭時，才接受檢查。據Menu 食品公司發言人介紹，這家位于恩波里亞的工廠仍在營業并且繼續生產新的食品，同時安全檢查也正夜以繼日地進行著。
　　在星期三，Menu 食品公司首席執行官告知美聯社，他們公司正將一種不知名的食品配料當做動物腎衰竭的可能原因。FDA先前也說過，這項調查正集中在可能被污染的麥麩上，麥麩是寵物食品中一種普通的配料。FDA檢察官已經被派往位于堪薩斯州和新澤西州的Menu 食品公司工廠。
　　寵物食品行業堅持認為他們的產品是絕對安全的。 寵物食品是你能在雜貨店里找到的管理比較嚴格的產品，寵物食品協會（PTF）主席Duane Ekedahl說。PTF是一個行業貿易協會，代表了20個成員公司的利益，這些公司的產品占美國生產的寵物食品的97%。盡管Ekedahl嚴肅地說，Menu Foods Inc公司召回的產品不應該被夸大，因為它占到了整個市場不到2%的份額。他補充說，每一個寵物食品公司都經過了廣泛的測試，不僅包括對原材料的測試也包括對成品的測試。在星期二，PFI發表了一份聲明，宣稱商店貨架上所有的貓狗食品都是安全的。召回行動已經完成而且所有疑有問題的產品都已經從商品市場上撤掉了。
 

Microsoft brings instant chat to TV screen,

through games

　　Microsoft planned to announce today that it will make its Windows Live Messenger service available on its Xbox 360 game consoles, bringing instant messaging from the computer to the television.
　　The move was meant to help Microsoft stay ahead of Sony, its chief rival in the electronic games business, in delivering the richest online experience for game players. It is also an element of Microsoft�餾 overall strategy to connect people across PCs, televisions and mobile devices like cellphones.
　　More than 200 million people use Windows Live Messenger to chat with friends, family members and colleagues. Separately, more than six million Xbox 360 owners are connected to the company�餾 Xbox Live online community, an enhancement that lets people with broadband Internet connections communicate with one another.
　　In the second week of May, those two worlds will begin to converge. Xbox Live members will be able to link their gamertag ,the online identity they use within the Xbox community, to an existing Windows Live Messenger account. Players will then be able to chat with their instant�瞞essaging contacts using a virtual on�瞫creen keyboard or a USB keyboard plugged into the game machine.
　　Microsoft executives said they hoped to offer voice chat between Xbox and Live Messenger users later this year.
　　We feel this is a huge step in driving social networking further into the family room by allowing Xbox 360 users to IM directly from their couch, said John Rodman, Microsoft�餾 group manager for the Xbox 360, in a telephone interview last week. Now you don�餿 have to manage two separate groups of friends online.
Microsoft and Sony are battling to dominate the high end of the console gaming market. (Nintendo, by contrast, is appealing largely to families and more budget�瞔onscious players.) In years past, game consoles stood out from one another mostly by their game offerings. But now it appears that top game publishers like Electronic Arts will release most of their biggest games for both the Xbox 360 and Sony�餾 PlayStation 3.
　　As a result, Microsoft and Sony are attempting to differentiate their game machines with other features, like film playback capabilities and online services.
Microsoft has been ahead of Sony in online console game�瞤laying, but last month Sony announced that it was developing a new Internet service called PlayStation Home that could surpass some elements of Xbox Live. The instant�瞞essaging feature appears to be one part of Microsoft�餾 response.
　　delivery
　　n.傳遞，傳送，交付
　�。壅骖}例句］ Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.［1995年閱讀3］
　　［例句精譯］ 伴隨著信息量的不斷增長是技術的發展，這些技術使得人們能夠比過去以更快的速度向更多的地方儲存和發送更多的信息，這在以前是不可能的。
　　enhancement
　　n.增進, 增加
　　converge
　　v.聚合, 集中于一點vt.會聚
　　account
　　n.①賬（目，戶）；②敘述，說明；③價值，地位；v.（for）①說明，解釋；②占；③（take into~）考慮；顧及
　�。壅骖}例句］ (71) Actually, it isn�餿, because it assumes that there is an agreed account (n.②) of human rights, which is something the world does not have.［1997年翻譯］
　�。劾�句精譯］ （71）事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權利有共識為基礎的，而這種共同認識并不存在。
　�。壅骖}例句］ Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account (n.③) in his society? ［2006年翻譯］
　�。劾�句精譯］ 是否美國的知識分子在社會中真的被排斥并被認為毫不重要？
　�。壅骖}例句］ Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account (v.①), in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments.［1996年閱讀5］
　�。劾�句精譯］ 肯切爾是位哲學家，這也許能部分說明他的理論為何明確而有說服力。
　　［真題例句］ Multinational corporations accounted (v.②) for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly.［2001年閱讀4］
　�。劾�句精譯］ 跨國公司在1982年只占國際貿易不到20%的份額。而現在，這個數字上升到25%，并且還在迅速上升。
　　［真題例句］ Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account (v.③).［2006年閱讀3］
　�。劾�句精譯］ Myers博士和 Worm博士認為他們的研究給出了正確的基準線，今后的管理工作必須要把這一基準線考慮在內。
　　budget
　　n.預算；v.做預算
　�。壅骖}例句］ We know that, the men from the budget (n.) office have said, but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?［1999年閱讀5］
　�。劾�句精譯］ 預算部門的人說：這點我們知道，但你的意見如何？你覺得值得做下去嗎？你覺得我們可以期待什么呢？
　　surpass
　　v.超過，勝過
　　［真題例句］ (24：Because) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self�瞔onscious and need the (25：confidence) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26：admired) by others.［2003年完形］
　　(26) ［A］ claimed［B］ admired ［C］ ignored ［D］ surpassed
　�。劾�句精譯］ 因為青少年需要調整和適應身體上、智能上和情感上所面臨的許多挑戰，所以，他們的自我意識很強，他們需要培養能獲取成功的，以及能讓他人羨慕成就的自信心。
　　(26) ［A］ 聲稱［B］ 敬佩［C］ 忽視［D］ 超過
　　Little Tips：
　　統計數字顯示17歲以下的青少年中一半以上的人每周至少上網發送一封電子郵件或是一條即時信息。微軟和索尼兩家視頻游戲機巨頭比較近雙雙推出了升級版的互聯網游戲服務來爭奪價值300億美元的市場。

微軟，將即時信息服務通過游戲帶入電視熒屏

　　今天，微軟公司按計劃將宣布為他的Xbox360游戲機的控制器提供窗口即時通服務，將即時信息服務從電腦帶入電視。
　　此舉措寓意在于幫助微軟領先索尼--這個在電子游戲商業領域主要的競爭對手--帶給游戲玩家比較豐富的在線體驗。這也是微軟公司將通過個人電腦、電視、移動設備如手機把人們聯系起來的整體戰略的一個方面。全球有兩億多人使用windows的即時通和朋友、家人、還有同事聊天。另外，還有6百多萬Xbox游戲機的擁有者和公司的Xbox Live在線社區連接起來，這又促使擁有寬帶連接的用戶通過網絡彼此交流。
　　從5月的第二個星期開始，Windows 即時通和Xbox Live在線社區將合并在一起，Xbox Live的用戶可以把他們的玩家代號和他們現有的Windows 即時通帳號連接起來。這樣，游戲玩家就可以通過虛擬的屏幕鍵盤或者是插入游戲機的USB鍵盤隨意的聊天了。
　　微軟的主管人員表示他們希望能在今年的下半年為Xbox玩家和即時通的使用者們提供語音聊天服務。
　　微軟的Xbox360小組經理John Rodman在上一周的電話采訪中表示：我們認為通過使Xbox360的玩家們躺在自家的沙發上就能獲得I.M.（即時通信）服務，我們把社會網絡更進一步的帶入家庭，現在，你完全不必在線管理兩組分開的朋友，而可以把他們合并到一起。微軟和索尼為占領游戲市場的比較高控制終端展開了激戰。在過去的幾年中，游戲的控制臺程序大部分都是由生產商提供的。但是，現在，似乎像Electronic Arts這樣的頂級游戲發行商把大部分的大游戲的控制臺程序讓渡給了Xbox360和索尼PlayStation3自己做。
　　因此，微軟和索尼都在嘗試著賦予他們的游戲機與眾不同的特色，諸如，電影回放功能以及種種在線服務。微軟已經在在線玩游戲的控制臺程序上先索尼一步，但是，上個月，索尼宣布他們已經發布一種叫做PlayStation Home的新的Internet服務，此項服務能在某些功能上超過Xbox Live。即時通服務似乎是微軟對此舉動作出回應的一部分。
 

Moment of truth

　　No sooner did James McCarthy's name turn up in an Associated Press story on the outlook for global warming than he started getting outraged e�瞞ails from colleagues. All that McCarthy, a Harvard oceanographer who studies how climate change affects marine life, told the AP last week was that "the worst stuff is not going to happen ... not that I think the projections aren't that accurate, but because we can't be that stupid." The overwhelming response, he said, was, What do you mean, we can't be that stupid? Just look around!
　　On that very question could hinge the fate of much of life on Earth. Last week was bracketed by two events that could make 2007 a turning point in the effort to control global warming. On Monday, by a 5��4 vote, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government had the power under the Clean Air Act to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles. This victory for environmentalists was quickly snatched away by President Bush, who announced the next day that his administration had no intention of doing anything of the sort. But the ruling set an important precedent for treating carbon dioxide as a threat to human welfare, and opens the way to regulating it by tightening fuel�瞖conomy standards. On Friday, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, marshaling the research of nearly 1,000 scientists from 74 countries, issued a long�瞐waited report on climate�瞔hange"impacts, adaptation and vulnerability".The study found that global warming was already affecting the Earth's ecosystems; it predicted that continued climate change, in combination with other environmental stressors such as population increases and greater urbanization, would lead to more�瞫evere and widespread drought, greater coastal and riverine flooding, and"increased risk of extinction"for 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal species. Depending on how much temperature rises, food production in the temperate regions (including parts of the United States and Canada) could actually increase, but would probably decline in much of the tropics.
　　Yet at least since last year's congressional elections it's been clear that 2007 would be a critical year for what former vice president Al Gore has called the"planetary emergency". A half�瞕ozen bills to control greenhouse gases have already been introduced or are being prepared for introduction to the Senate, according to the National Environmental Trust. Some version of the"cap and trade"market�瞓ased system that has already shown its value in reducing acid�瞨ain pollution is virtually certain to pass this Congress."The key question now",says NET president Phil Clapp,"is, will President Bush sign a meaningful bill? But I don't think there's any question that if this Congress doesn't produce one, the next one will and the next president will sign it. We're in the endgame now, after 10 years on this issue."

associate
　　v.①（with）使聯系，使聯合；②交往，結合；n.合作人，伙伴，同事，同行；a.副的；合伙的
　�。壅骖}例句］"Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,"says Luce,"I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated (v.①) with the company have only recently come to realize this."［1997年閱讀4］
　　［例句精譯］ "我們中的一些人多年來就知道憲法第一修正案所說的自由并非毫無限制，"魯斯說，"我想與公司有關系的一些人可能是比較近才意識到這一點。"
　　outrage
　　n.暴行，侮辱，憤怒；vt.觸犯，激怒
　�。壅骖}例句］ Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged (vt.).［2005年閱讀1］
　　［例句精譯］ 事實上，如果他還有偷懶怠工的名聲，你可能會暴怒的。
　　overwhelming
　　a.勢不可擋的，壓倒的
　�。壅骖}例句］ The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time�瞔onsuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.［1995年閱讀3］
　　［例句精譯］ 現在，個人可獲得的信息比任何時代的人都多，而要找到一條與自己問題相關的信息既復雜又耗時，有時甚至相當困難。
　　snatch
　　n./v.攫取，搶奪
　　marshal
　　n.元帥, 典禮官, 執行官, 司儀官vt.整頓, 配置, 匯集vi.排列, 集合
　　emergency
　　n.緊急情況，突然事件，非常時刻
　　［真題例句］ The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19：available) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20：such as) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.［2005年完形］
　�。劾�句精譯］ 我們發現，大腦能在有不熟悉或緊急信號時，使嗅覺接收器工作，例如，煙味就是著火和危險的信號。

　Little Tips:
　　人類不斷向大氣中排放二氧化碳等廢氣，把大氣弄臟了，使地球像在大熱天穿了一件臟棉襖，體溫不斷地升高；人類生活在地球上，地球環境為我們創造了豐富的物質財富。但是，隨著社會、經濟的發展，人類的有些活動對環境產生了不良的影響，甚至是破壞，如環境的污染、自然資源的枯竭、水土流失等等。這些環境的破壞又反作用于人類，產生危害人體健康、影響人類生產、生活、生存的種種問題，就是環境問題。

　　關鍵時刻

　　James McCarthy的名字和他的一篇關于全球變暖的文章在美聯社的新聞報道一出現，他就開始收到來自同行們的侮辱性的郵件。McCarthy是一名哈佛大學的海洋學研究學者，主要研究氣候的變化對海洋生物的影響，上周，他在美聯網表示說："并不是預測不精確，而是情況不會那么糟。因為我們不會那么愚蠢的。"他說，鋪天蓋地的質問都是關于"你是什么意思？我們不可能那么愚蠢吧！你看看周圍是什么樣子啊。"
　　對這個問題的回答將關系到地球上大多數生物的命運。上周，兩個事件的發生，使得2007 成為人類對于全球變暖的控制作出努力的轉折點。在星期一，以5比4的投票比較高法院裁決聯邦政府有權通過凈化空氣法案來控制車輛的二氧化碳排放。環境保護主義者們的這一勝利迅速被布什總統抹殺。布什在第二天的講話中表示，他的政府對此項規定毫無興趣。但是這項裁決第一次明確的把二氧化碳作為對人類的幸福的威脅，并且為通過嚴格節能的標準來控制二氧化碳的排放開辟了道路。星期五，氣候變化跨政府小組匯集了來自74個國家的約1000名科學家的調查研究，發表了一篇等待已久的關于氣候變化的影響、適應性與弱點的報告。研究表明，全球變暖已經影響到了地球的生態系統；并且預測，持續的氣候變化加之污染和都市化的加劇帶給環境的壓力，將會導致更加嚴重的，更加廣范圍的干旱，和更多的沿海和沿江城市被水淹沒；百分之二十到三十的植物和動物面臨更加嚴重的滅絕的危險。根據溫度的上升值，在溫度適合的地區糧食的產量可能會有所增加，但是，在絕大多數熱帶地區產量會下降。
　　至少從去年開始，國會的選舉就已經明確2007將會是對于前副總統戈爾所呼吁的"地球危機"的至關重要的一年。全國環保信托組織表示有六個關于控制溫室效應的法案已經或者正準備向參議院提出。一些已經在降低酸雨的污染方面表現的卓有成效的以市場為基礎的排放權交易系統是一定可以通過這次的國會審議的。NET 主席Phil Clapp說："現在關鍵是，布什總統是否同意這個意義深遠的法案。但是，若這一屆的國會不通過，下一屆的國會，下一屆的總統肯定會簽署的。關于這個議題，我們已經努力了十年了，現在已經進入比較后階段了。"