Text 5
When I decided to quit my fulltime employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.
Curiously, some twoandahalf years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.
In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a wellestablished trend. Downshifting—also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting selfhelp books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their clingfilm to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid’90s equivalent of dropping out.
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economy decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middleclass downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s,downshifting in the mid’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.
67.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
[A]Fulltime employment is a new international trend.
[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[C]“A lateral move”means stepping out of fulltime employment.
[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
68.The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting.
[A]enables her to realize her dream
[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status
[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine
69. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by .
[A]nonmaterialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything
[C]extreme stress[D]anticonsumerism
70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of .
[A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man’s adventurous spirit
[C]man’s search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situation
核心詞匯:
absolute[5AbsElu:t]a.絕對的,完全的;確實的,肯定的(ab不+solute→決不松開→絕對的)
acquaintance[E5kweintEns]n.認識,相識,了解;相識的人,熟人(acquaint告知+ance名詞后綴→熟悉)
adventurous[Ed5ventFErEs]a.喜冒險的;充滿危險的(adventur(e)冒險+ous形容詞后綴)
alternative[C:l5tE:nEtiv]n.兩者擇一,抉擇(alternate交替+ive形容詞后綴→二者擇一的)
block[blCk]n.大塊木(石)料;街區;障礙物v.阻塞,攔阻
cling[kliN]v.(to)粘住;依附;堅持
compel[kEm5pel]v.強迫,迫使(com共同+pel推→一起推→強迫)
curious[5kjuEriEs]a.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的, 愛挑剔的(cur+ious形容詞后綴→關心的,好奇的);curiously (ad.好奇地;奇怪地)←curious+ly
deadline[5dedlain]n.比較后期限(dead+line)
doctrine[5dCktrin]n.教條,教義;法律原則;聲明(doctr教+in+e名詞后綴→教的東西→教條)
equivalent[i5kwivElEnt]a.相等的,等價的n.相等物,等價物(equi+val力量+ent→力量平等→相等的)
juggle[5dVQgl]vi.玩戲法, 誆騙, 篡改vt.耍弄, 歪曲, 篡改n.玩戲法, 魔術, 欺騙 “拿撲克牌玩雜耍(juggle),引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑”,文中juggle引申為“忙忙碌碌”
lateral[5lAtErEl]a.旁邊的,側面的(later+al)later即單詞“后來”,al詞后綴,“后來者只能靠邊站”→旁邊的
minister[5ministE]n.部長,大臣(mini+ster→小人→古代大臣稱自己是小人→部長,大臣)
passionate [5pAFEnEt]a.充滿熱情的,即passion+ate,passion(激情;暴怒),ate此作形容詞后綴
preach[pri:tF]v.宣講(教義),布道;竭力鼓吹,宣傳;說教
prompt[prCmpt]a.敏捷的,迅速的,即刻的v.激起,促進,推動
recognition[rekEg5niFEn]n.認出,辨認;承認(recogn+ition名詞后綴)
redundancy[ri5dQndEnsi]n.冗余(red+und+ancy),red(=re),und詞根“多”,ancy名詞后綴,“越來越(re)多”→冗余。同根詞:abundant(豐富的)←ab加強前綴+und多+ant形容詞后綴
resignation[rezig5neiFEn]n.辭職;聽天由命(resign+ation名詞后綴);resign(v.辭職;順從)←re+sign,re前綴=away或=again,sign簽署,故“簽署后離開”→辭職,“再次簽署”→順從
simplify[5simplifai]v.簡化,使單純
strain[5strein]v.拉緊;緊張;扭傷;竭盡全力n.拉緊;負擔
thrift[Wrift]a.節約,節儉;繁榮.可記:“節儉”導致“繁榮”;thrifty(節儉的;繁榮的)←thrift+y形容詞后綴。thrift→thrive(v.繁榮),類似變化的單詞有theft(n.偷)→thieve(v.偷)
難句分析:
難句1 Alateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.
[分析]此句主干是“a lateral move promoted me to...”。其中that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定語,although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”是狀語,其中逗號之間的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入語。
[譯文]一次平級的人事調動傷了我的自尊心,并阻斷了我的事業發展,這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業,盡管就像面子掃盡的政府部長那樣,我也掩飾說“我只想與家人更多的呆在一起”。
難句2 Curiously, some twoandahalf years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.
[分析]此句主干是“... my experiment... has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality”。注意其謂語是一個turn sth. into sth.的結構。前面兩個逗號之間的是時間狀語。
[譯文]奇怪的是,大約兩年半的時間我寫完兩部小說后,我這個被美國人稱為“放慢生活節奏”的試驗,卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了現實。
難句3 I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
[分析]此句中I have discovered是主句的主謂結構,that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status是主句的賓語,其中abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”為該賓語從句的主語,brings為謂語。as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress既是伴隨狀語,又是插入語,其主語為Kelsey,謂語為will,而after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress是本插入語中的時間狀語。
[譯文]我已經發現(由于壓力過大,凱茜已公開宣稱辭去《她》雜志編輯的職務,在這之后她也許會有同樣發現),放棄“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲學,轉而過一種“放慢生活節奏”的生活所帶來的回報,比經濟成功和社會地位更有價值。
難句4 Downshifting—also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism.
[分析]此句主干是“Downshifting has bred a new area...”,破折號之間的是插入結構,ironically也是插入語,可放在句首,what相當于thought which。
[譯文]具有諷刺意味的是,“放慢生活節奏”——在美國也稱“甘愿簡樸”——甚至孕育了一個嶄新的、可稱之為反消費主義的生活方式。
難句5 For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.
[分析]此句主干是“... downshifting in the mid’90s is not...”。其中who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s是修飾the women of my generation的定語從句。growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one既是插入語,又是the mythical good life的同位語。本句中not so much A(a search for the mythical good life)as B(a personal recognition of your limitations)的句式含義,即“與其說是A,不如說是B”。
[譯文]對我們這一代女性來說,整個80年代我們曾被迫忙碌地生活,90年代中期的簡化生活與其說是尋找那種自己種有機蔬菜并試圖與之合一的神話般美好生活,還不如說是對我們自身局限性的認識。
文章類型:人文科學——生活態變的轉變
本文的主題是慢節奏(downshifting)的生活方式。作者以第一人稱的口吻敘述了自身生活方式轉變的過程,談及慢節奏的生活方式在美國的發展情況,并剖析了這種現象背后的原因。
試題解析:
67. 根據第一段,下面哪項說法正確?
[A] 全職工作是一種新的國際潮流。
[B] 作者因環境所迫而辭去工作。
[C] “一次平級調動”意味著退出專職工作。
[D] 作者只是太想多花時間與其家人在一起了。
判斷題【正確答案】 [B]
作者在第一段中說明她放棄工作時,根本沒想到自己會成為一種新興時尚的一分子,她辭職是因為一次平級的人事調動傷害了她的自尊心,妨礙了她的事業發展。可見,作者的辭職是出于環境所迫,所以[B]項是正確答案。
68. 作者的實踐表明:降低節奏。
[A] 使她能夠實現自己的夢想
[B] 幫助她形成了一種新的人生觀
[C] 促使她放棄了自己很高的社會地位
[D] 使她接受了《她》雜志所倡導的生活哲學
細節事實題【正確答案】 [B]
第二段中作者提到自己已經是一個由信奉“擁有一切”生活哲學的人轉變或一個知足常樂的人,對于作者而言,“慢節奏”的生活方式是一種新的生活哲學。因此選擇[B]項。
69. “Juggling one’s life”可能指的是過一種具有特性的生活。
[A] 不追求物質利益的生活方式[B] 很容易滿足
[C] 極度緊張[D] 反消費主義
詞匯題【正確答案】 [C]
在第三段第一句,juggling one’s life與downshifting恰好是相對立的兩種生活方式,說明她從a buildup of stress取得的financial success and social status遠不及downshifting給她帶來的回報多,因此選擇[C]項。
70. 根據本文的觀點,美國出現放慢生活節奏的原因是。
[A] 現代生活的快節奏[B] 人們的冒險精神
[C] 人們對神話般生活體驗的追求[D] 經濟形勢
細節事實題【正確答案】 [D]
第五段第一句話指出,在美國,產生這種慢節奏生活方式是源于20世紀80年代末期因為經濟蕭條而進行的裁員。當時采取這種措施是為了應對這種經濟衰退。因此選擇[D]項。
全文翻譯:
當我決定辭去自己的全日制工作時絕沒有想到,自己竟成了一種新的國際性潮流的一分子。一次平級的人事調動傷了我的自尊心,并阻斷了我的事業發展,這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業,盡管就像面子掃盡的政府部長那樣,我也掩飾說“我只想與家人更多的呆在一起”。
奇怪的是,大約兩年半的時間我寫完兩部小說后,我這個被美國人稱為“放慢生活節奏”的試驗,卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了現實。我已從一個“擁有一切”哲學(琳達·凱茜過去七年中在《她》這本雜志所宣揚的)的狂熱支持者,變成了一個知足常樂的女人。
我已經發現(由于壓力過大,凱茜已公開宣稱辭去《她》雜志編輯的職務,在這之后她也許會有同樣發現),放棄“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲學,轉而過一種“放慢生活節奏”的生活所帶來的回報,比經濟成功和社會地位更有價值。什么也說服不了我回到過去那種凱茜所宣揚的、我也曾自得其樂的生活中去:每天12小時的工作日,壓得人喘不過氣來的比較后期限,可怕而緊張的辦公室的爾虞我詐,在“比較佳時期”為人父母的限制。
第一至第三段:作者介紹了自己從忙碌生活過渡到悠閑生活的緣由,及經過。
在美國,擺脫忙碌,轉而過一種簡單、更遠離物質化的生活已成明確趨勢。具有諷刺意味的是,“放慢生活節奏”——在美國也稱“甘愿簡樸”——甚至孕育了一個嶄新的、可稱之為反消費主義的生活方式。對于那些想簡單生活的人來說,有許多很暢銷的幫你輕松生活的自助書籍;有各種簡訊,例如省錢簡報,會給美國人提供成千上萬條有用的點子去做事,從保鮮膜的再利用到自制肥皂;甚至還有一些支援性團體,幫人按90年代中期脫離傳統社會的人的生活方式去生活。
第四段:通過舉例論證,簡單悠閑生活已經在美國成為一種趨勢。
在美國,這種趨勢一開始是對經濟衰落所做出的一種反應——出現于20世紀80年代后期,企業縮小經濟規模所引起的大規模裁員——也與節儉的觀點密切相連;在英國,至少在我所熟悉的中產階級慢節奏生活的人中,我們對于為什么尋求簡樸的生活有不同的原因。
第五段:作者指出贊成這種趨勢的原因。
對我們這一代女性來說,整個80年代我們曾被迫忙碌地生活,90年代中期的簡化生活與其說是尋找那種自己種有機蔬菜并試圖與之合一的神話般美好生活,還不如說是對我們自身局限性的認識。
第六段:指明作者追求閑適生活的真正原因。
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