2011年考研英語語法講義：名詞從句

　名詞從句

　　講五個問題：

　　一、名詞從句的本質。

　　1. 概念：就是把一個完整的句子當一個名詞來使用。那么從句就具備了名詞所具備的所有性質。主語、賓語、表語、同位語。

　　2. 引導名詞從句常用的連詞。有三類：1)that; 2)whether,if; 3)when,where ,how等連接副詞或what,who,whose等連接代詞。

　　That引導的名詞性從句不能做任何句子成分。what一定在從句中充當主語或者賓語。Which 和whose 后面必須接名詞。例如：

　　Concerns were raised __witness might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.

　　A.what B.when C.which D.that

　　3)多重的名詞從句現象。例如：

　　I realized that what I said was not exactly what meant to say.

　　考題：Prof. Lee’s book will show you ___(D)_____ can be used in other contexts.

　　[A] that you have observed

　　[B] that how you have observed

　　[C] how that you have observed

　　[D] how what you have observed

　　二、名詞從句中的主語從句

　　主語從句有如下幾種表示方式：

　　1.用which, that放在句首引導主語從句。例如：

　　That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.

　　3.用it is +ved+that…例如：

　　It is believed that you are good boy.

　　3. 用whether引導主語從句。例如：

　　Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable.

　　三、賓語從句

　　需要掌握的幾點：

　　及物動詞后面的賓語從句。2005年例句：

　　Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us?

　　四、表語從句

　　就是一句話做另一個句子的表語。就是把從句放在系動詞的后面。1997年例句：

　　A report consistently brought back by visits to the US is how friendly, cautious and hopeful most Americans were to them.

　　五、同位語從句

　　就是用來補充說明同位語的名詞成分的句子。結構是：名詞+that+從句。

　　同位語從句與賓語從句和定語從句的區別：引導賓語從句和定語從句的的that, which可以省略，而引導同位語從句的that不能省略。定語從句中的that必須在從句中扮演主語或者賓語。同位語從句的that不扮演任何成分。例如：

　　There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instability. that不做句子成分。