2014年考研英語英漢短語和句型對照

　　下面根據歷年考研英語的考試真題整理的有關考研英語英漢短語和句型對照，供大家參考：

　　一、常考的短語及句型

　　anything but 根本不;nothing but 只不過是;

　　all but 幾乎，差一點，除……以外其余都是;

　　but for 要不是;but that +從句，若不是……;

　　..., only to+動詞，結果是……;not so much...as...與其說，不如說;

　　not so much as 連在一起寫為“連……都不(肯)”; not nearly/by no means/far from 遠不;

　　to say nothing of, not to speak of, not to mention, let alone 更不用說;

　　much less, still less 引導詞組或從句，表示一種追加的否定;

　　no more...than... 和……一樣都不……;

　　more...than... 與其……不如……;

　　no less than... 簡直是，實在是;nothing less than 完全是，實在是;

　　not that...but that... 不是……而是……;cannot...too... 再……也不過分，應該;

　　other...than，other than 不同于，非，除了;

　　the last person/thing, etc.+ to do sth…比較不可能的……;

　　It is asserted that... 有人斷言……;It is reported that... 據報道……;

　　It is believed that... 人們/有人認為……;It is considered that... 有人/人們認為……;

　　It is said that 據說……;It is supposed that... 據推測

　　二、常見的短語及句型實例

　　1�盿s 引導的特殊狀語從句，翻譯時作定語從句處理

　　例：“In short”, a leader of the new school contends,“the scientific revolution,as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(1994年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：新學派的一位領袖人物堅持說：“簡而言之，我們所稱之為的科學革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進、發明和使用。這些改進、發明和使用使科學發展的范圍無所不及。”

　　2�盿nything but 根本不;nothing but 只不過是;all but 幾乎，差一點;除……以外其余都是;but for 要不是;but that +從句，若不是……

　　例1�盇lone in a deserted house,he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.(1990年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：雖然他單獨一人住在這幢房子里，但他埋頭于研究工作，一點也沒有感到孤獨。

　　[注釋]：句中 anything but 意為 not at all。試對比：He seldom talked of anything but painting.(他除了繪畫很少談到別的事情)。此句中 but 作介詞，意為 except。

　　例2�盩he method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. (1993年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：科學研究的方法不過是人類思維活動的必要表達方式，也就是對一切現象進行思索并給以精確而嚴謹的解釋的表達方式。

　　例3�盩he party was all but over when we arrived.

　　[譯文]：我們到達時，聚會已近尾聲。

　　[注釋]：此句中 all but 意為 nearly,almost。

　　例4�盉ut for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday.

　　[譯文]：要不是因為下雨，我們的假日一定過得很愜意。

　　例5�盉ut that you had seen me in the water, I would have drowned.

　　[譯文]：要不是你看見我掉在水里，我早就淹死了。

　　3��“名詞，+or +名詞”結構中or 后的名詞是同位語，應譯為“即……;或者稱……”

　　例：Moreover,technology includes techniques,or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.

　　[譯文]：再者，除機器外技術還包括技藝，即制作方法，而運用這些技藝并不一定都需要機器。

　　4��“...,only to +動詞”意為“……，結果卻……”

　　例：They don�餿 have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre,the cinema or the opera,only to discover,perhaps,that the show is disappointing.(1995年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：他們不必花錢去戲院、電影院或歌劇院買價格很貴的戲票，結果卻發現，所演的節目令人失望。

　　[注釋]：“...， only to + v. ”表示與句子謂語動作的目的相反的結果。

　　5�眓ot nearly 永遠不

　　例：Food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. (1991年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：食品供應將遠遠趕不上人口的增長，這就意味著我們在糧食的生產和購銷方面正面臨危機。

　　[注釋]：1) this 是指上面的“到21世紀初世界人口將增加到60億或70億”。2)又例：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job. (這里的人手遠遠不夠承擔這項工作。)