英語沖刺30天之第6天：英語閱讀題型復習

  　第六天：抓住重點 閱讀為先---題型篇

　　考研閱讀的題型主要有幾種，考生應該熟悉它們，做到看到問題就能確定題型，定位原文并確定答案。下面以詞義題為例說明考研閱讀題型的特點。
 
　　1．詞義題標志：題干中具體給出原文中某處的單詞或短語，要求推測其意思。

　　2． 詞義題做題關鍵：注意單詞所在的上下文，尤其是上下句。假如所考單詞是常見詞匯，那么其字面意思一般不是正確答案，正確答案應該是根據上下文推測出來的一個更深刻的意思。

　　3．詞義題做題方法：

　　1） 閱讀上下文，看什么詞或詞組，甚至是句子（如定語從句、并列分句等）對所考詞匯進行了解釋，根據所考詞匯與它們的關系（如意思相同或相反）確定答案；

　　2）根據微觀閱讀技巧，如標點符號判斷詞義。例如，冒號前的詞匯的意思可以由冒號后的部分歸納，破折號之后詞匯的意思可以由破折號之前的部分推測。

　　3）代入法。 將確定的答案代入原文，看是否通順，如果通順就是正確答案。

　　例一，

　　Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. (1994)

　　17. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?

　　[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.

　　[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.

　　[C] A person who has had no education.

　　[D]An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.

　　如果所考的詞匯是常見詞匯，含有字面意思的選項通常是干擾選項。C“沒有受過教育的人”是問題中的詞匯“untaught minds”的字面意思，是干擾選項。可以根據上下文確定該詞組的準確意思。從一段第二句開始，作者以Alexander Fleming為例，說明untaught minds的觀點“科技中的發現是靈感或戲劇化事件的結果”不對，認為“發明和創新是辛勤的試驗和不斷的錯誤之后的結果(Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error)”。由此可知untaught minds “對試驗中的艱苦工作不了解”，因此A為正確答案。

　　例二，

　　Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.(1998)

　　9. The word “schism” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means.

　　[A] confrontation [B] dissatisfaction

　　[C] separation [D] contempt

　　詞義可以根據上下文推測出來。被考詞匯在一段末句，這句話談論自然科學和人文科學的關系，指出二者之間有schism，而且這種schism在加深。這句話與文章首句相呼應。首句指出：自然科學和文化的其他方面之間長期以來關系緊張，就是說自然科學和人文科學等關系緊張，不夠協調，不夠協調就是有分歧，C“分歧”符合此意，為正確答案。其他選項的意思分別是：A“對抗”，B“不滿”，D“蔑視”，其中A干擾性大，但是由于一段末句的謂語是deepened（加深），所以A不行，因為對抗只能加強，裂痕才能加深。

　　例三，

　　In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. (2006)

　　21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means

　　[A] identifying. [B] associating.

　　[C] assimilating. [D] monopolizing.

　　根據原文首句的上下文就能確定正確答案是C，因為原文首句開始的in spite of表示轉折關系，就是說homogenizing與前面的 difference在上下文中構成反義詞，而在四個選項中能與difference構成反義詞的只有assimilating，所以C為正確答案。當然，文章后面出現了核心詞assimilate，根據上下文也能看出它是對homogenizing的同義說明。此外，根據homogenizing的詞根homo（相同）也能確定意義。其他選項的意思分別為：A“確定”、B“聯合、聯想”、D“壟斷”。