2009考研英語爭(zhēng)議題解析

　　21. The view of Wordsworth about habit is claimed by being _____.

　　C) mechanical

　　本題問Wordsworth對(duì)habit的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)人名定位到第一段，“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. 注意Wordsworth話中but后面的內(nèi)容“習(xí)慣支配著不會(huì)思考的獸群”，C) mechanical(機(jī)械的)可以說是對(duì)unreflecting的替換，此外我們還可以從We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.加以推斷，這句話的大意為，習(xí)慣是無意識(shí)地(mindlessly)、是自動(dòng)地(auto-pilot)、很放松地進(jìn)入慣例之中的舒適中(the unconscious comfort of familiar routine)。考生如果覺得這樣的推理比較復(fù)雜的話，也可以從第一段中對(duì)習(xí)慣的描述的詞的褒貶加以判斷。

　　22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be ___.

　　D) guided

　　本題問研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)習(xí)慣的形成可以怎么樣？我們定位到第二段So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.第一句說creativity 和innovation 與habit是互不相容的，接著文章用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，在這種情況下我們可以推測(cè)后面的內(nèi)容是講creativity 和innovation與habit是相容的，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么呢？當(dāng)我們有意識(shí)地(consciously)形成新的習(xí)慣時(shí)，我們甚至能夠創(chuàng)造全新的腦細(xì)胞，這能夠使我們的思緒跳躍到新的創(chuàng)新的軌道上(that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks，這句話中that指代create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells)。“使我們的思緒跳躍到新的創(chuàng)新的軌道上”不就是guide嗎？

　　23. "ruts" has closest meaning to___.

　　A) tracks

　　本題為詞義推斷題，必須從上下文中加以理解，But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.首先我們由they’re there to stay，知道ruts是一個(gè)具體的東西，接著由the new habits create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.我們可以知道ruts與pathways、roads應(yīng)該是同義替換的，由此選擇A) tracks.

　　24. Ms. Markova's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ____.

　　A) prevents new habits from being formed

　　本題問Markova的評(píng)論意味著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試會(huì)怎么樣。本題跨度較大，首先必須找到Markova的評(píng)論，“But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ … ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

　　Markova認(rèn)為我們被教育要學(xué)會(huì)"決定"，但決定扼殺了所有的可能性，只留下一個(gè)答案，一個(gè)有創(chuàng)新性的思考者總是考慮許多其他的可能性的。接著我們找到文中關(guān)于 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試的描述The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.大意為目前標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試只強(qiáng)調(diào)了analysis與procedure，這從根本上使得很少有人能夠使用 innovative與collaborative的思維模式。找到了兩個(gè)出處，我們就必須找到“Markova的評(píng)論”與“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試”的聯(lián)系，到底有什么聯(lián)系呢，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)由Markova的評(píng)論我們知道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試“從根本上使得很少有人能夠使用 innovative與collaborative的思維模式”，而從第二段的描述中我們知道創(chuàng)新性對(duì)于新習(xí)慣的形成是至關(guān)重要的。因此選擇A) prevents new habits from being formed。

　　25. Ryan most probably agrees that ______.

　　D) curiosity activates creative minds

　　本題問Ryan最可能同意什么觀點(diǎn)。

　　A) ideas are born of a relaxing mind 觀點(diǎn)來源于放松的大腦。

　　B) innovativeness could be taught 創(chuàng)新能夠被傳授。

　　C) decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas 果斷來自于奇特的想法。

　　D)curiosity activates creative minds好奇心能夠激活創(chuàng)新的頭腦。

　　根據(jù)人名Ryan我們可以定位到最后一段，但很難從中找出與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配的觀點(diǎn)，不過我們注意到Ryan與Markova是business partner的關(guān)系，這兩人之間的觀點(diǎn)是一致的，由“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova.我們知道Markova認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新最需要的就是對(duì)未知事情的著迷，因此選擇D)curiosity activates creative minds。

　　而A) ideas are born of a relaxing mind 利用文中出現(xiàn)的relaxing加以編制選項(xiàng)。B) innovativeness could be taught 雖然文中最后一段Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in. 但只是說doing even more of it creates excellence.并沒有交代是本人自覺得多做，還是被“taught”的多做。C) decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas文中沒有關(guān)于果斷的信息。

　　26. In paragraph 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's ____.

　　A) easy availability

　　本題問文章的第一二兩段顯示了PTK的什么。[b]All he needs to do[/b] is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results.

　　[b]More than 60,000[/b] people have purchased the paternity testing kits since they first became available [b]without prescriptions[/b] last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the [b]over-the-counter[/b] kits. [b]More than two dozen companies[/b] sell DNA tests [b]directly[/b] to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2,500. 由這些粗體All he needs to do，More than 60,000，without prescriptions(無須處方)，over-the-counter(通過柜臺(tái))，sell DNA tests directly to the public我們就很容易得出A) easy availability易得性(很容易得到)。

　　30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be ______.

　　B) DNA tests and its problems C) DNA testing outside the lab

　　本題問文章最有可能的標(biāo)題是什么，文中對(duì)DNA testing outside the lab雖有涉及，但是but some observers are skeptical, critics also argue 這兩段是大頭，重點(diǎn)信息，說明了存在的問題，所以C不完整，此外系譜學(xué)家(genealogists)的研究也需要實(shí)驗(yàn)室的，文中只是交代了進(jìn)行DNA測(cè)試可能出現(xiàn)的問題，是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)外都有可能出現(xiàn)的問題。

　　32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that the construction of a new education system _____.

　　B) takes efforts of generations

　　本題問第一段中對(duì)于新的教育體制的建立的描述。本題定位非常明確We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.句子大意為，很幸運(yùn)前面的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)椋�建立新的教育體制并讓足夠的人通過(并讓足夠的人接受教育)，想靠這種方法改善經(jīng)濟(jì)水平需要2至3代人的努力。因此不難得出B) takes efforts of generations，而D) requires sufficient labor force，文中提到的them不是labor force，而是需要通過教育體制的人，并且要靠這些人通過教育體制來改善經(jīng)濟(jì)需要幾代人的努力，并沒有提到新的教育體制的建設(shè)需要充足的勞動(dòng)力，兩者之間沒有關(guān)系。

　　34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show the education emerged ____.

　　C) when people no longer went hungry

　　本題問作者引用祖先的例子是為了說明教育是在什么情況下出現(xiàn)的，我們定位到原文What is the real relationship between education and economic development? I have begun to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time for education. They didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.文中的例子是為此段的主題服務(wù)的，那么此段的主題是什么呢？理解主題需要知道suspect的深層含義：懷疑其為真，第二，要知道I have begun to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. [b]After all, that's how education got started.[/b]中的后一個(gè)that指代，that就是指代continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. 因此我們選擇C) when people no longer went hungry在解決了溫飽的情況下才可以談教育。第三，雖然例子中談到了時(shí)間，但沒有時(shí)間是什么造成的呢？是需要花時(shí)間去找獵物來填飽肚子而沒了受教育的時(shí)間～,C答案流于表面化，只有是否餓肚子和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展邏輯上相關(guān)。