二、六個主要的貿(mào)易術語(其中傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易術語有三個：FOB,CFR,CIF;在傳統(tǒng)基礎上新發(fā)展的貿(mào)易術語有三個：FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考試重點)

　2-1 傳統(tǒng)的三個貿(mào)易術語

　　FOB – Free On Board (...named port of shipment) 船上交貨(指定裝運港)

　　定義：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named part of shipment. 　指當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。

　　注釋：pass: 越過，通過;　ship’s rail: 船舷;　named:　指定的

　　這個術語應注意以下幾點：

　　1. The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即買方在貨物越過船舷之后承擔所有的費用，風險和損失。

　　2. FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即FOB條款要求由賣方辦理貨物的出口清關手續(xù)。

　　3. FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.即FOB條款只適用于海運或者是內(nèi)河運輸。

　　注釋：inland waterway transport: 內(nèi)河運輸

　　CFR - Cost and Freight (... named port of destination) 成本加運費(指定目的港)

　　定義：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.指當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷，賣方即完成交貨。

　　這個術語應注意以下幾點：

　　1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運至目的港所需要的運費和費用。(與FOB的區(qū)別)

　　2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.　但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風險，以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費用，即由賣方轉移到買方。(風險的劃分與FOB不一樣的。是在目的港船舷。)

　　注釋：occur:(事件等)發(fā)生;events: 事件 transfer: 轉移

　　3. CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由賣方負責辦理貨物的出口清關手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB)

　　4. CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.即CFR只適用于海運和內(nèi)陸水路運輸(同F(xiàn)OB)

　　CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (...named port of destination) 成本，保險費加運費(指定目的港)

　　定義:means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.即當貨物在裝運港越過船舷之后，賣方即完成交貨義務。

　　這個術語我們應該注意以下幾點：

　　1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運至目的港所需要的運費和費用。(同CFR)

　　2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.　但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風險，以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費用，即由賣方轉移到買方。(風險的劃分與CFR 是一樣的)

　　3. However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是，在CIF條件下，賣方還需要辦理買方貨物在運輸途中滅失或損壞風險的海運保險。因此，由賣方簽訂保險合同并且支付保險費用(不同于FOB和CFR,)

　　注釋：procure: (尤指用心或者費力)獲得，取得，在這里我們引申為“辦理”;　against:　反對，對于 carriage: 運費，運輸(在這里指的是“運輸”);consequently: 因此，所以;　contract:在這里是動詞的用法，意為：簽約，訂立合同(常與with 和for連用); insurance premium: 保險費

　　4. CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由賣方負責辦理貨物的出口清關手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB和CFR)

　　2-2 在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易術語基礎上發(fā)展的三個貿(mào)易術語

　　FCA-Free Carrier (...named place) 貨交承運人(指定地點)

　　定義：means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.是指賣方只要將貨物在指定的地點交給由買方制定的承運人，并辦理出口清關手續(xù)，即完成交貨。

　　注釋：nominated:　指定的，指派的

　　這一術語應注意以下幾點：

　　1. Seller should clear the goods for export.賣方負責辦理出口清關手續(xù)。

　　2. The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.交貨地點的選擇對于在該地點裝貨和卸貨的義務會產(chǎn)生影響。

　　- If delivery occurs at the seller’s premises, the seller is responsible for loading.如賣方在其所在地交貨，則由賣方負責裝貨。

　　- If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.如賣方在任何其他地點交貨，則賣方不負責卸貨。

　　注釋：impact: 常與on聯(lián)用，對...施加影響;premise: 生產(chǎn)場所，經(jīng)營場址(在這里引申為“所在地”之意)

　　3.FCA term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

　　FCA術語可用于各種運輸方式，包括多式聯(lián)運。

　　注釋：irrespective: 常與of聯(lián)用，意為：不論...的，任何的;multimodal transport:多式聯(lián)運(multi-前綴,常表示“多種的”的意思)

　　4.If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.若買方制定承運人以外的人領取貨物，則當賣方將貨物交給此人時，即視為已履行交貨義務，(風險轉移給買方)

　　注釋：other than: 除了，不同于; be deemed to: 被視為; fulfill: 履行，完成。