四、Type of Basic Coverage 基本險(xiǎn)別的幾種類型 (考試重點(diǎn))
PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clause ( 中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)條款 ) 中的三種基本險(xiǎn)別:FPA (平安險(xiǎn))、WA/WPA (水漬險(xiǎn))、All Risks (一切險(xiǎn)),下面是這三種險(xiǎn)別的具體內(nèi)容:
4-1 Free from Particular Average (FPA) 平安險(xiǎn)
平安險(xiǎn)的英文意思是:?jiǎn)为?dú)海損不陪,它是責(zé)任范圍最小的一個(gè)險(xiǎn)別(particular average: 單獨(dú)海損;free from: 解除,沒(méi)有...的)
平安險(xiǎn)的承保范圍:
1.The risks covered in FPA coverage basically means that only total or constructive total loss of the whole consignment of cargo but no partial loss or damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities, such as heavy weather, lighting, tsunami, earthquake and flood.
平安險(xiǎn)承包的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍指由自然災(zāi)害,比如惡劣的氣候;雷電;海嘯,地震和洪水造成的整批貨物的全部損失或者推定全損(但不包括部分損失),這種情況下可以從保險(xiǎn)商那里獲得賠償。
注釋:basically: 基本上,主要地 total: 全部的,整個(gè)的 constructive total loss: 推定全損 (constructive: 推定的,解釋性的,推定全損是指保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故后,認(rèn)為實(shí)際全損已不可避免,或者為避免發(fā)生實(shí)際全損所需支付的費(fèi)用超過(guò)保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的,為推定全損。)
consignment:所托運(yùn)的貨物,交付,委托 cargo: 貨物 partial loss: 部分損失 recoverable: 可重獲的 result from: 由...產(chǎn)生 natural calamities: 自然災(zāi)害 heavy weather: 惡劣氣候(heavy: 原意為“重的,沉重的”,在這里我們引申為“惡劣的”) lighting: 閃電 tsunami: 海嘯 earthquake: 地震 flood: 洪水;水災(zāi)
平安險(xiǎn)承包的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍指由自然災(zāi)害,比如惡劣的氣候;雷電;海嘯,地震和洪水造成的整批貨物的全部損失或者推定全損(而不是部分損失)
2.Total loss or partial loss is recoverable from the insurer incurred as a result of specific casualties, e.g., collision, stranding, sinking of the vessel. 由特殊災(zāi)難,比如船只的互撞、擱淺、沉沒(méi)等引起的全部損失或部分損失
注釋:incur: 招致,招到 as a result of: 作為…的結(jié)果 specific: 特殊的,特定的 casualty: 嚴(yán)重的意外,事故,災(zāi)難 collision: 碰撞,沖突 stranding: 擱淺 sinking: 沉沒(méi)
3. FPA also covers general average and salvage charges, reasonable costs incurred by the assured in salvaging the goods or averting or minimizing a loss recoverable under the policy.
平安險(xiǎn)還負(fù)責(zé)共同海損和被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)遭受承保責(zé)任內(nèi)危險(xiǎn)的貨物采取搶救、防止或減少貨損的措施而支付的合理費(fèi)用
注釋:general average: 共同海損 salvage charge: (海上)救助費(fèi)用 reasonable: 合理的(reasonable costs: 合理費(fèi)用) the assured: 被保險(xiǎn)人 averting: 避免,防止 minimizing: 是minimize的名詞形式,意為“減到最小;減少”。
4-2 With particular Average ( WA/WPA) 水漬險(xiǎn)
水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍除平安險(xiǎn)的各項(xiàng)責(zé)任外,還負(fù)責(zé)被保險(xiǎn)貨物由于惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失。
水漬險(xiǎn)的承保范圍:
WA/WPA provides larger cover than FPA since partial loss and damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities.
水漬險(xiǎn)負(fù)責(zé)除了平安險(xiǎn)以外的包括自然災(zāi)害引起的部分損失和損害
注釋:provide: 提供;供應(yīng) lager: 更大的(lager than:比...更大的)
4-3 All Risks 一切險(xiǎn)
一切險(xiǎn)是最高險(xiǎn)別,責(zé)任范圍最廣,一切險(xiǎn)實(shí)際上是平安險(xiǎn)、水漬險(xiǎn)和一般附加險(xiǎn)的總和。
一切險(xiǎn)的介紹:
1.All Risks is the most widely used in the transport of general cargo because it provides better coverage than WA/WPA type. 一切險(xiǎn)在普通貨物運(yùn)輸中最廣泛使用的一個(gè)險(xiǎn)別,因?yàn)樗某邪秶鼉?yōu)于水漬險(xiǎn)…
注釋:widely: 廣泛地,普遍地 general cargo: 普通貨物,一般貨物 better than: 更好的,比...更好
2.Aside from the risks covered under WA/WPA type, it also provides insurance against all risks of loss of or damage to the cargo insured arising from external causes in the course of transit. 一切險(xiǎn)除了平安險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任外,還包括(保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的)在運(yùn)輸途中由于外來(lái)原因所造成的所有損失(包括全部損失和部分損失)。
注釋:aside from: 除了…以外 arise from: 起于,由…出身 external cause: 外部因素 transit: 運(yùn)輸,搬運(yùn)
3.The All Risks does not cover risks of war, strike and other special additional risks such as failure to delivery, import duty, on deck, rejection, aflatoxin etc. 一切險(xiǎn)不包括戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn),罷工險(xiǎn)和其它附加的特殊險(xiǎn)別,比如交貨不到險(xiǎn),進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn),艙面險(xiǎn),拒收險(xiǎn),黃曲霉素險(xiǎn)等等。
注釋:strike: 罷工 additional: 附加的,額外的 failure to delivery: 交貨不到險(xiǎn) (on) deck: 甲板,艙面 rejection: 拒收 aflatoxin: 黃曲霉素
4. The general additional risks such as theft, pilferage & non-delivery risks, fresh water and/or rain damage risks, shortage risks, intermixture and contamination risks, leakage risks, clash and breakage risks, taint of odour risks, sweat and heating risks, hook damage risks, breakage of packing risks and rust risks are covered in All Risks coverage. 一切險(xiǎn)包含一般附加險(xiǎn),比如說(shuō)偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn),淡水雨淋險(xiǎn),短量險(xiǎn),混雜、玷污險(xiǎn),滲漏險(xiǎn),碰損破碎險(xiǎn),串味險(xiǎn),受潮受熱險(xiǎn),鉤損險(xiǎn),包裝破損險(xiǎn),銹損險(xiǎn)。
注釋:general additional risk: 一般附加險(xiǎn) theft, pilferage & non-delivery risks: 偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn) fresh water and/or rain damage risks:淡水、雨淋險(xiǎn) shortage risks:短量險(xiǎn) intermixture and contamination risks:混雜、玷污險(xiǎn) leakage risks:滲漏險(xiǎn) clash and breakage risks:碰損、破碎險(xiǎn) taint of odour risks:串味險(xiǎn) sweat and heating risks:受潮受熱險(xiǎn) hook damage risks:掛鉤險(xiǎn) breakage of packing risks:包裝破裂險(xiǎn) rust risks:銹損險(xiǎn).
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