一、CMR 國際公路貨物運輸合同公約 (考試重點)
1-1 課文:Rail transport plays more or less the same role as road transport in the domestic economy of a country.
注釋:rail transport: 鐵路運輸 more or less: 或多或少 play (a) role: 扮演角色 the same as: 與...相同 road transport: 公路運輸 domestic: 本國的,國內的,對內的 economy: 經濟,經濟制度
課文意思:在一國國內經濟中,鐵路運輸或多或少與公路運輸扮演同一角色。
2-2 課文:Rail transport and road transport are often complementary, with rail transport undertaking the long haul and road transport undertaking the local collection and distribution. Freight forwarders should be able to organize the carriage of goods by road and rail efficiently.
注釋:complementary: 互相補足的,補充的,補足的 undertake: 承擔,擔任 long haul: 長途運輸(haul: 拖拉,拖運)local collection and distribution: 本地的集散(collection: 收集,采集,聚集 distribution: 分配,分發,散布)be able to: 能夠,有能力(做)... organize: 組織,籌備 carriage of goods: 貨物的運輸 efficiently: 有效率地,有效地
課文意思:鐵路運輸和公路運輸通常是相輔助性的,鐵路運輸承擔長距離運輸,公路運輸從事本地的集散。貨運代理人應有能力有效地組織鐵路和公路運輸。
2-3 課文:In the contract of carriage of goods by road, the rights, duties and responsibilities of the road carrier may be discussed under Convention de Merchandises Par Routes (CMR) and the national law.
注釋:contract: 合同 right: 權利 duty: 義務 responsibility: 責任 discuss: 討論,論述 Convention de Merchandises Par Routes: 國際公路貨物運輸合同公約(簡稱“CMR”) national law: 國內立法(national: 國內的)
課文意思:在公路運輸合同中,公路承運人的權利義務和責任在國際公路貨物運輸合同公約和國內立法中有詳細論述。
2-4 課文:The CMR convention is the convention on contract for international carriage of goods by road which was adopted in 1956 and which generally governs international transport of goods by road. (國際公路貨物運輸合同公約成立的時間和作用,了解一下)
注釋:convention: 公約,協定 international: 國際的 adopt: 采用,采納,正式通過 generally: 一般,通常 govern: 約束,控制,支配,治理,管理
課文意思:CMR公約是指國際公路貨物運輸合同公約。該公約于1956年被采納,并且通常用來調整國際公路貨物運輸
2-5 課文:The CMR convention has been ratified only by countries in Europe and road transport in the countries outside Europe is to a great extent governed by national laws and ordinances which vary from country to country.
注釋:ratify: 批準,認可 Europe: 歐洲 outside: 外部的,在...以外的 to a great extent: 很大程度上,非常 ordinance: 法令,市政令 vary from... to...: 從...到...不等,在...到...之間變動
課文意思:CMR公約僅被歐洲國家認可,而歐洲以外的國際的公路運輸很大程度上是受國內法律和法規制約的,各國的規定又不盡相同。
2-6 課文:However, it is of benefit to forwarders outside Europe to be aware of the convention as they could then understand the legal regime applicable to movement of cargo when they act as intermodal transport operators, when land transport in Europe forms part of the intermodal transport system.
注釋:benefit: 有益的,有利的 be aware of: 知道,了解 understand: 了解,理解,明白 legal regime: 法律體制(legal: 法律的,法定的 regime: 體制,政體)applicable:可適用的,適當的,合適的(后面常接“to”)movement of cargo: 貨物的運輸 act as: 擔當 intermodal transport: 多式聯運 (intermodal: 聯合運輸的)operator: 營運人 land transport: 陸路運輸,陸上運輸 form part of: 組成...的一部分 system: 體系,系統,體制,方法
課文意思:然而,歐洲以外的貨運代理了解該公約也是有益的,因為一旦他們作為多式聯運的營運人并且當歐洲的陸路運輸構成該多式聯運的一部分時,他們可了解貨物運輸所適用的法律體制。
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