成人英語三級考試：語法非謂語動詞(1)
來源：網絡 發布時間：2010-07-29
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近幾年的語法測試中非謂語動詞約占31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語法項目考查的重點，那么非謂語動詞的考查都有哪些特點，解答時又應注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起來分析一下：
1) 謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的判斷
對謂語動詞與非謂語動詞區別的考查主要集中在獨立主格結構，如：
All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been canceled B. have been canceled
C. were canceled D. having been canceled
四個選項中有三個是謂語動詞，只有D是非謂語動詞，只要同學們能判斷出這里是非謂語動詞做狀語，則不用考慮時態的問題，答案自明。
2) 謂語動詞后不定式與動名詞的選擇
謂語動詞后接不定式還是接動名詞也是三級語法測試中的一個題眼。如：
① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got in.
A. to close B. closing
C. to have closed D. having closed
③ Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
這類題涉及三個方面：
謂語動詞后應該接不定式還是動名詞?
即可接不定式又可接動名詞時，結構和意思上有何差別?
不定式與動名詞用主動形式還是用被動形式?
3) 做定語的非謂語動詞的選擇
從近幾年的考查情況來看，對做定語的非謂語動詞的考查有兩種情況：
(1)對一般概念的考查，而不是固定結構中的非謂語動詞做定語。如：
① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.
A. accomplished B. being accomplished
C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished
② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ______.
A. to correct B. correcting
C. having been corrected D. being corrected
同學們只要掌握非謂語動詞做定語的一般的規律,就可以判斷①題答案為C，②題答案為D。
(2)對固定結構的考查，如：
① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.
A. to be based on B. to base on
C. which to base on D. on which to base
② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
A. to compete B. competing
C. to be competed D. having competed
①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為D，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結構，答案為A。在英語中有些名詞，如動詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式沒有體的變化。
4) 做狀語的非謂語動詞的選擇
做狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：
① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
A. Having believed B. Believing
C. Believed D. Being Believed
② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.
A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming
③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.
A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not
④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed
從以上各題來看，考查的側重點有：
(1)狀語類別的判斷
不同的狀語對非謂語動詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如②。
(2)非謂語動詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關系
根據主謂關系或動賓關系的不同來確定用現在分詞還是用過去分詞。
(3)非謂語動詞的否定形式
not否定非謂語動詞時置于非謂語動詞之前，如③。
(4) 獨立成分
有些非謂語動詞的使用不受與句子主語關系的限制，稱為獨立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如:
generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。
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