2011成考輔導：成考專升本英語復習資料六
來源：育路成人高考發布時間：2011-09-13
育路成人高考培訓咨詢
幫助希望進入名校的在職人員實現他們的本、專科大學夢想
形容詞與副詞（4-1~5-2）
大綱要求：
形容詞與副詞掌握比較級的構成及其用法。
一、形容詞在句子中的作用
1、形容詞在句子中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語。
A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子應當行為規矩。（定語）
I like this red dress very much.（定語）
She is beautiful. （表語）
The patient is asleep. （表語）
Who has got the window open？ （賓語補足語）
Ive got everything ready for the class. （賓語補足語）
I said it would happen， and sure enough it did happen.（獨立成分）
2、大多數形容詞既可作定語又可作表語，但有少數形容詞只能作表語。
This is a red dress. The dress is red.
alike， afraid， alone， asleep， awake， aware， alive， ashamed， unable， content.
二、副詞在句子中的作用
副詞在句子中主要作狀語，可以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，有時修飾整個句子。
Unfortunately， he wasnt at home when I came. （修飾整個句子）
Luckily， she wasnt injured in the accident.（修飾整個句子）
Her pronunciation is very good.（修飾形容詞）
I have been extremely busy these days.（修飾形容詞）
I can hardly agree with you.（修飾動詞）
He works terribly （quite） hard. （修飾副詞）
三、形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構成
1.單音節詞和少數雙音節詞（如以y結尾的）在詞尾加-er ， -est.
如：small， smaller， smallest； great， greater， greatest； clever， cleverer， cleverest； quiet， quieter， quietest ； common， commoner， commonest； narrow， narrower， narrowest.
2、以e結尾的詞加-r ， -st .如：larger， larger ， largest ； simple， simpler ， simplest ； polite， politer ， politest； brave， braver， bravest； fine， finer， finest.
3、以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞，變y為i 再加-er ， -est .
如：busy，busier， busiest； heavy，heavier， heaviest； happy，happier， happiest.
4、以一個輔音字母結尾的詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er， -est .（一個輔音字母結尾；重讀閉音節）
如：big，bigger， biggest； thin，thinner， thinnest； hot，hotter， hottest.
雙音節詞，多音節詞比較級和最高級在詞前加more， most.
如：difficult， more difficult， most difficult， interesting， more interesting， most interesting； useful， more useful， most useful.
特殊的比較級和最高級
四、形容詞和副詞比較級的用法
1、比較級常與than引導的狀語從句連用，表示與什么相比。
This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel.
為了避免重復，從句常用一些代詞。
比較必須是兩個相同的成分。
Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company.
Small oranges are usually sweeter than big ones.
It is better to be prepared than unprepared.
This is easier said than done.
She is taller than I（me）。
I meet with more difficulties than she does.
The girls in my class are more active than those in his class.
1、有than 就要考慮比較級。
2、比較的成分要完全一致。
2、“比較級+and+比較級”，表示“越來越…”。
My father walked faster and faster until I could no longer keep up with him .
keep up with \跟上，趕上
no longer=not any longer
My father walked faster and faster until I couldnt keep up with him any longer. （not 用來否定動詞）
Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
Things are getting better and better every day.
Im getting more and more interested in arts.
get interested in 對……感興趣
3.“the +比較級…，the+比較級”，表示“越是…就越…”。
The more haste， the less speed. 欲速則不達。
The harder she works， the more progress she makes.
make progress 取得進步
The more I study it， the more I like it.
Actually， the busier he is， the happier he feels.
The more preparation you do now， the less nervous youll be before the exam.
The sooner you start， the faster youll be finished.
五、形容詞和副詞最高級的用法
最高級的前面通常要加定冠詞，副詞最高級前面的定冠詞可以省略。最高級在使用時通常有一個短語或從句表示比較的范圍。
Of all the places Ive visited， I like Hangzhou best.
This is the worst movie Ive ever seen.
Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.
For me， Tuesday is one of the busiest day in the week.
Among all the students， he runs （the） fastest.
比較級前面有時也加the ，表示兩者之間“較…的一個”。
Both of the two girls are beautiful， but I think the tall one is more beautiful of the two.
The five-year-old boy chose the more expensive of the two toys.
六、“as+原級+as”，“not as / so +原級+as”
“as+原級+as”，表示“和…一樣…”， “not as / so +原級+as”表示“不及…”。
He is as good a swimmer as any of us.
注意 good 的位置
Hes as tall as I.
It is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan.
He does not smoke so heavily as his father.
French is just as difficult a language as English.
She is as good a cook as her mother.
I have never seen so beautiful a place as Hangzhou.
never 否定含義
類似的還有：hardly， little， few
“as+原級+as one can”和“as +原級+as possible”表示“盡可能地…”。
Come as soon as possible.
There is nothing we can do but wait as calmly as we can.
there is nothing…but… ， but后一定跟動詞原形
“as+原級+as”可以用來表示倍數。
My new coat cost me four times as much as the old one.
先說倍數，然后在as+原級+as
cost 花費，主語是物。spend， 主語是人。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
spend in doing sth.
spend on sth.
This room is twice as large as that one.
This room is twice larger than that one.
七、比較級、最高級和“as+原級+as”前面都可以有表示程度的狀語。
The sun is much bigger than the earth.
錯誤：The sun is more bigger than the earth.
She is by far the cleverest girl in our class.
by far 到目前為止
Its becoming the third largest city in the country.
They have many more chemistry books than we.
There is much more water in this jar than that one.
They will come back a little earlier.
This time she ran a good deal faster.
Tom is six centimeters taller than John.
Of all the workers in the factory， Alice is by far the most skilled.
重點掌握：
1、只能作表語的形容詞。
2、特殊形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級。
3、比較級多用than，個別情況下用 of the two.比較時，前后成分一定一致。
4、the +比較級…，the+比較級
5、as+原級+as ， not as / so +原級+as
6、“as+原級+as”可以用來表示倍數。
He is almost as tall as his brother.
My father isnt as old as he looks.
This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English.
Spanish people usually speak more quickly than English people.
Winter is drawing near. Its getting colder and colder.
The more you practise writing， the better you will do it.
The more work we give our brains， the more work it is able to do.
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