托福閱讀材料：眼睛變色的原因

對很多人來說，眼睛的顏色從生下來那一天開始就確定了，而且一輩子不變。但對另外一些人來說，卻不是這樣。究竟是什么原因會導致眼睛變色呢?

　　It can bend light, bring the world into focus, and next to the human brain may be our most complicated organ. But for many people the most intriguing feature of the human eye is simply its color.

　　Can it really change for no apparent reason?

　　In most people, the answer is no. Eye color fully matures in infancy and remains the same for life. But in a small percentage of adults, eye color can naturally become either noticeably darker or lighter with age.

　　What determines eye color is the pigment melanin. Eyes that have a lot of it in the connective tissue at the front of the iris, called the stroma, are darker, while those that have less tend to be lighter.

　　The levels of melanin generally remain the same throughout life, but a few things can change them permanently.

　　The first is a handful of ocular diseases like pigmentary glaucoma. Another is a condition called heterochromia, or multicolored eyes, which affects about 1 percent of the population and is often caused by traumatic injuries. An example of this can be seen in the rock star David Bowie, who attributes his contrasting eye colors, hazel and light blue, to a blow to the face as a child.

　　The third cause appears to be genetics. A study in 1997, for example, looked at thousands of twins and found that 10 percent to 15 percent of the subjects had gradual changes in eye color throughout adolescence and adulthood, which occurred at nearly identical rates in identical twins.

　　The bottom lines Eyes can change color in some people because of genetics or injury.