定語從句用法講解五

7、先行詞和關系詞二合一

1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)

What/whatever; that/what; who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.

2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（錯）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（錯）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（對）Who robbed the bank is not clear.

3) that 和 what
當that引導定語從句時 ，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從 句， 用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.

關系代詞that 的用法

1）不用that的情況
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。
(錯) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。
d) 先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.
e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。

舉例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。