2011年在職MBA共享筆記之英語語法概述：形容詞、副詞比較級

第十節 形容詞、副詞比較級 

一、等比句句型

下面這種句型主要表示人或物的性質、特征等方面有某些近似或相等:主語+謂語+as+形容詞/副詞+as+比較對象

We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have been taken ten years in the past.

句子中兩個as作用不同, 前一個as是副詞, 含“如此”的意思; 后一個as是連詞, 表示“比”或“如同”的意義。

下面這種句型的意思是“不比…多”或“不少于…”:

主語+謂語+no more/less+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+被比對象

是表達“相等”或“近似”的一種說法。例如:
She is no less diligent than her class mates.

二、比較級句型

比較級句型用于表示兩個人或事物之間的差別。它包括兩個方面: 一是優等比較, 即“甲勝于乙”; 一是次等比較, 即“甲不及乙”。

主+謂語+形容詞/副詞比較級+(名詞)+被比對象

或: 主語+謂語+more/less+形容詞/副詞+than+被比對象

Facts speak louder than eloquence.
The new edition of the dictionary is more expensive than the old one.

“否定的同等級較”也用于表示兩個人或事物之間的差別。例如:

John doesn’t work so hard as Henry.

[提示]

在英語中習慣上修飾比較級的副詞不多，主要有 much,far,even,still 表示“…得多”和“更…”的意思。

三、最高級句型

最高級句型用于表示某一事物在一定范圍內最突出或某一動作達到最高程度的句子。一般要有一個表示范圍的詞組。

…the+形容詞/副詞最高級+(名詞)+范圍詞

1. Jane is the tallest girl in the department of public relations.
2. Of all the students, Beth works hardest.

注: 引導范圍的介詞, 如果為同一范疇用of, 如例2; 否則用in, 如例1。

…否定詞…+比較級…
該名型的原意思是“再沒有…比…更…”, 也表示“最”的概念。
There is nothing in the world more potent and more impotent than words.

四、The…the…結構

該名型表示“越…, 越…”。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

五、少數形容詞比較級不用連詞 than

superior (優于), inferior (低于), senior(年長于), junior(年幼于)等級之后用to, 而不用than。

His strength is superior to mine.
My knowledge is inferior to his.
Bob is two years senior to me.鮑伯比我大兩歲
He is junior to me by two years.他比我小兩歲。

六、一些表示兩者之間有所比較和選擇和句型

Better to do well than to say well.說得好不如做得好。

I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside.
我寧愿和你們一起參加科研工作, 而不愿到海濱去度假。

I prefer to work rather than sit idle.
我寧愿工作, 也不愿閑坐著。

He would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.
他寧愿辭職, 也不愿參與那樣不誠實的買賣。

I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities.

我喜歡安靜的鄉村勝過喧鬧的城市。

Exercises 10 Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence:

1. His salary as a driver is much higher _____.

A. than a teacher             B. than that of a teacher
C. that of a teacher         D. than those of a teacher

2. ____all the poems I have read recntly, Thomas Hardy’s The Darkling Thrust seems the most relevant to our times.

A. Of                         B. Among
C. In                         D. About

3. To the best of my knowledge, the climate in Arizona is better year-round____.

A. than any other state    B. than other states
C. than in any other state D. than is any other state

4. Questioning the quality of the air they breathe becomes less important than____ about the next paycheck.

A. having questioned             B. questioning
C. to have questioned            D. question

5. He ____ live in the country than in the city.

A. Would               B. likes to
C. would rather       D. had better

6. The culture and customs of America are more like ____ of England than of any other country.

A. that                     
C. which                     

7. Dried foods take up less room and weigh ____ than the same food packed in cans, and they do not need to be stored in special condition.

A. few                      B. fewer
C. little                   D. less

8. But she would rather stay at home alone than ____to Jane’s gossip.

A. to listen            B. listening
C. listen                  D. listened

9. The new method for refining aluminum was ____ that it became practical for many purposes, one of the first of which was for making
pots and pans.

A. so more cheaper 
C. so many cheaper 

10. ____living things are linked together as intimately than bees and flowers.

A. Fewer                  B. Few
C. Little                   D. Less

11. To clarify the circumstances thoroughly requires ____taken thus far.

A. more specific measures than have
B. more specific measures than have been
C. more specific measures than has
D. more specific measures than has been

12. With regarding to this model of color TV sets, the home-made ones are by no means ____ those made in Japan.

A. less inferior to     B. less inferior than
C. inferior than           D. inferior to

13. The socialist system will demonstrate absolute superiority ____ capitalism in the field of production.

A. on                    B. over
C. of                    D. than

14. I should have known better than ____ him my bottom price at that time.

A. show                B. shown
C. showing         D. to show

15. Radio, television and press ____of conveying news and information.

A. are the most three common means
B. are the most common three means
C. are the three most common means
D. are three the most common means

16. We often advise him not to drink more wine ____is good for his health.

A. as                   B. that
C. but                 D. than

17. Some companise have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure____.

A. than more on efficiency     B. than efficiency
C. and more on efficiency       D. and more than efficiency

18. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more than____.

A. he was in good health         B. his good health was
C. was good for his health     D. his health was good

19. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ____or better than an actual performance.

A. as good as                     B. good
C. as good                           D. good as 

20. Edward prefers orange juice ____ any other drinks.

A. than                          B. to
C. over                          D. against

典型例題:　　　
1）　---- Are you feeling ____?　
　　 ---- Yes，I’m fine now.
　A. any well　B. any better　C. quite good
　D. quite better　　
　答案：B. any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better.

2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.　
　 A.　more　 B.　much more　　 C.　much　　
　 D.　more much
答案：C.　much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。

3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.　
A. the happiest time　　B. a more happier time　
C. much happiest time　 D.　a much happier time
答案：D。