2016年高考英語專題練習及答案(6)

　　編輯推薦：2016年高考英語專題練習及答案匯總

　　閱讀理解(廣告信息類+科普研究類+生態環保類+社會文化類+時事新聞類+人物故事類+議論說理類+史地人文類)

　　A

　　Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life?

　　If yes，don't care about sex or age!Come and join us，then you'll_make_it!

　　Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals)

　　Place：Manchester

　　Hours：Part Time

　　We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives!Only 4 days left.Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!

　　Role：

　　You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.

　　Skills and Experience Required：

　　You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous care­related experience will be a great advantage for you.

　　1.The text is meant to ________.

　　A.leave a note

　　B.send an invitation

　　C.present a document

　　D.carry an advertisement

　　2.What does the underlined part mean?

　　A.You'll make others' lives more meaningful with this job.

　　B.You'll arrive home just in time from this job.

　　C.You'll earn a good salary from this job.

　　D.You'll succeed in getting this job.

　　3.The volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________.

　　A.to get some financial support

　　B.to properly protect themselves

　　C.to learn some new living skills

　　D.to realize their own importance

　　4.Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?

　　A.The one who can drive a car.

　　B.The one who has done similar work before.

　　C.The one who has patience to listen to others.

　　D.The one who can use English to communicate.

　　答案：

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是一則廣告。廣告中招募志愿者，幫助智障人，讓智障人意識到他們的重要性。

　　1.D　解析：考查推理判斷。從文中Position，Place，Hours，Role以及Skills and Experience Required的相關信息可知，短文為廣告。

　　2.A　解析：考查句意理解。從文章中的“Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life”以及第二段中的“If yes，don't care about sex or age!Come and join us, then you'll_make_it”可知，you'll make it意為“參加廣告中的志愿工作，你將讓別人的生活更有意義”。

　　3.D　解析：考查細節理解。根據文中Role部分的“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued”可知，志愿者的基本工作是讓智障人意識到他們的重要性。

　　4.B　解析：考查細節理解。根據文中Skills and Experience Required部分的“Previous care­related experience will be a great advantage for you”可知，以前有類似工作經歷的人優先。

　　B

　　A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(筆記本電腦).

　　Students are increasingly using laptops for note­taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度).But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.

　　Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said.

　　In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note­taking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.

　　The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.

　　The researchers' report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears.”

　　In another experiment aimed at testing long­term memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.

　　These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.

　　5.More and more students favor laptops for note­taking because they can________.

　　A.write more notes

　　B.digest concepts better

　　C.get higher scores

　　D.understand lectures better

　　6.While taking notes，laptop users tend to be________.

　　A.skillful B.mindless

　　C.thoughtful D.tireless

　　7.The author of the passage aims to________.

　　A.examine the importance of long­term memory

　　B.stress the benefit of taking notes by hand

　　C.explain the process of taking notes

　　D.promote the use of laptops

　　8.The passage is likely to appear in________.

　　A.a newspaper advertisement

　　B.a computer textbook

　　C.a science magazine

　　D.a finance report

　　答案：

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。本文揭示實驗研究的結果，用筆記本電腦記筆記的人記憶和應用概念的能力較差，而用手記筆記的人在考試中的表現更好。

　　5.A　解析：細節理解題。根據第二段句“Students are increasingly using laptops for note­taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)”可知，學生越來越多地使用筆記本電腦記筆記是因為它的速度和清晰度，這說明用筆記本電腦記筆記速度快、記得多。故選A。

　　6.B　解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段第二句“But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught”可知，研究已經發現筆記本電腦的使用者沒能記住和應用教給他們的概念。由此可推知，筆記本電腦的使用者在記筆記時是不動腦子的。故選B。

　　7.B　解析：推理判斷題。本文通過實驗發現了用筆記本電腦記筆記的不良效果和用手記筆記的優勢，兩者相比突出了用手記筆記的好處。故選B。

　　8.C　解析：推理判斷題。根據文章內容可知，本文揭示實驗研究的結果，用筆記本電腦記筆記的人記憶和應用概念的能力較差，而用手記筆記的人在考試中的表現更好。由此可推知，本文應該出現在科學雜志里。故選C。

　　C

　　Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food，hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.

　　She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.

　　The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.

　　This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (認知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.

　　The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.

　　9.What is the first paragraph mainly about?

　　A.The design of Dr.Carter's research.

　　B.The results of Dr.Carter's research.

　　C.The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.

　　D.The significance of Dr.Carter's research.

　　10.According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?

　　A.Those that have more experience.

　　B.Those that can avoid potential risks.

　　C.Those that like to work independently.

　　D.Those that feel anxious about learning.

　　11.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?

　　A.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.

　　B.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.

　　C.Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.

　　D.Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.

　　12.Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.

　　A.storing information

　　B.learning from each other

　　C.understanding different people

　　D.travelling between social groups

　　答案：

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇科普說明文。劍橋大學的一些研究人員通過對狒狒的研究發現，影響狒狒學習成效的因素不是它們的智力，而是其性格以及對學習的渴望程度。這一研究結果也適用于人類社會：如果我們不善于與他人溝通或太膽怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么會阻礙以社會學習為基礎的文化的形成。

　　9.A　解析：推理判斷題。段描述了研究人員如何開展這一研究的具體細節：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一個盒子里，有些狒狒有機會觀看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任務的，而另外一些狒狒則不得不自學完成任務，因此選A項“卡特博士研究的設計”，而非研究的“結果”“目的”或“重要性”。

　　10.D　解析：細節理解題。由文章第二段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn...及第三段中The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not...這些對實驗的描述可知D項“那些渴望學習的狒狒”符合題意。

　　11.C　解析：推理判斷題。該詞所在上文，即第二、三段提到在觀察了別的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望學習的狒狒學到本領，而害羞的狒狒學了卻不像別的狒狒那樣去做;再根據between collecting social information and using it可知與“收集”和“使用”對應的是“觀察別人但不跟著做”，即C項。

　　12.B　解析：細節理解題。最后一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意為“研究結果可能會影響我們如何理解社會文化的形成，該文化的形成是通過社會學習獲得的”。換言之，作者認為我們的文化是通過social learning而形成的，與B項“互相學習”相呼應，而非“儲存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社會群體間傳播”。

　　(責任編輯：盧雁明)

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