2014年考研英語翻譯方法:減譯法詳解

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2014年考研英語翻譯方法:減譯法詳解

　　減譯法：由于英漢兩種語言在語法結構、表達方式以及修辭手段上的不同，有些詞語或句子成分在英語中是必不可少的，但若搬到譯文中去，就會影響譯文的簡潔和通順。因此在英譯漢的過程中，為了使譯文更加簡練，更符合漢語的表達習慣，需要省略一些可有可無或翻譯后反嫌累贅的詞語。但必須注意，減譯不是刪掉原文中的某些內容，在不易減譯的情況下，不要隨便減。

　　1)省略代詞。如:

　　We are pleased to have received your invitation to the symposium on internet.非常高興收到你寄來的參加互聯網會議的邀請。(省略代詞“我們”)

　　If the chain reaction went on without being checked, it could cause a terrible explosion.如果連鎖反應不加控制，就可能引起可怕的爆炸。(省略代詞it, it在這里代表the chain reaction)

　　This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.這種困境將是確定無疑的，因為能源的匱乏使農業無法以高能量消耗、投入少數農民就可能獲得高產的美國耕種方式繼續下去了。(原文中兩處代詞it均為形式賓語，)(真題示范)

　　It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered in three days.規定三天后發貨。(it是形式主語，that是先行詞)

　　2)省略冠詞。如:

　　The volume of a gas increase more quickly than that of a liquid.氣體體積增加的速度比液體快。

　　3)省略連詞。如:

　　When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.氣壓低，沸點就低。(連詞when可以不譯)

　　Henry had worked in a bank for years, and then he went to study in MIT.亨利在一家銀行工作了幾年，然后去麻省理工大學學習去了。

　　4)省略介詞。如:

　　The distinction between light and pigment is important to color theory.區別光和色對于色彩理論來說很重要。(between可以不譯)　Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historian and philosophers of science.多年來，工具和技術本身作為根本性創新的源泉，在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學思想家忽視了。(真題示范)

　　Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共場所不準吸煙。

　　The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油供應可能隨時被切斷;不管怎樣，以目前的這種消費速度，只需30年左右所有的油井都會枯竭。(真題示范)

　　5)省略名詞。如:　Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for May purchases has not yet been settled.也許你忘記了五月份的購貨款還沒有結算。(fact后面引導的是一個同位語從句，可以不譯)

　　6)省略動詞。如:

　　There is no doubt that we’ll carry out the experiment successfully.毫無疑問我們一定能把實驗搞成功。(there is不翻譯)

　　He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.他在回答采訪者的問題時，很有禮貌。(behave不翻譯)　Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.伽里略比較光輝的業績在于他在1609年第一個把新發明的望遠鏡對準天空，以證實行星是圍繞太陽旋轉，而不是圍繞地球旋轉。