term The founders of the USA left important precedents. 美國(guó)的建立者留下了很多重要的先例(復(fù)習(xí):precedent, 取決于pre=before)。 George Washington, in particular, refused to act as president for a third term. 具體來(lái)說(shuō),作為總統(tǒng),喬治華盛頓拒絕連任第三屆(the third term)。 George真的就解甲歸田,也為后世確立了一個(gè)precedent: 總統(tǒng)只能連任一次。 但這只是一個(gè)慣例(custom),而非聯(lián)邦法律(federal law)。于是, Roosevelt broke the custom at the special time of the Great Depression and World War Two, acting as American president through four terms. 牛人羅斯福在大蕭條及二戰(zhàn)(注意!此兩件大事,經(jīng)常談及)的特殊時(shí)刻,打破了這一慣例,在總統(tǒng)寶座上一干就是四任。 But later the precedent became law, requiring any president, however able he is, no matter what the situation is, to leave after the second term. 但后來(lái)這一先例成為法律,要求每位總統(tǒng)在兩任后必須離任,不管他多有能力,也不管形勢(shì)如何。 term: 任期。 現(xiàn)在讓我們從the White House回到學(xué)校,“任期”自然就變成了____? It is quite unimaginable to many Chinese that Bill Gates abandoned Harvard in the third or fourth term. 牛人比爾-蓋茨在第三還是第四學(xué)期拋棄了哈佛,這對(duì)于很多中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)委實(shí)難以想像。 term: 學(xué)期。 It should be admitted that both George and Bill are the greatest names, only in terms of different things. 應(yīng)該承認(rèn),喬治和比爾都是最偉大的人物,只是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同。 George is greatest in terms of his contribution to the independence of the American people, while Bill is greatest in terms of his devotion to the development of the Information Society. 就對(duì)美國(guó)人民獨(dú)立的貢獻(xiàn)而言,喬治是最偉大的,而就投身于信息社會(huì)的發(fā)展而言,比爾是最偉大的。 in terms of; 就……而言。 Information Society is the term frequently used to refer to the current world community. “信息社會(huì)”是一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)/說(shuō)法,被頻繁地用于指稱(chēng)現(xiàn)在的世界。 It may not be a formal technical term, but it is really popular. 它可能不是一個(gè)正式的技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ),但實(shí)在應(yīng)用廣泛。 term: 術(shù)語(yǔ)/說(shuō)法。 measure 有meter, 就不怕measure。 YOS is more than one meter tall. 黃老鞋有一米多高。(這可一點(diǎn)都不是吹) To be specific, I am more than one meter and twenty centimeters tall. 具體點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō),要高于一米二。(centimeter, 厘米也) 怎么知道有幾meters幾個(gè)centimeters?要measure。 It is no use measuring yourself severals times a day. 一天抓住自己去量幾遍是沒(méi)有用的。 oppose 有人為我們照相(take photo)時(shí),我們不免搔首弄姿一番,民間也叫“擺pose”,說(shuō)起來(lái)非常洋氣。如果不習(xí)慣not used to or not accustomed to)將身體扭曲成各種不同的形狀,比較平常的是用手指湊成一個(gè)V,據(jù)說(shuō)是代表victory(勝利)。 老外怎么說(shuō)“擺pose”呢?應(yīng)該不是bai pose吧? Now pose for the photo! 不錯(cuò),pose本身是個(gè)動(dòng)作,就相當(dāng)于我們所說(shuō)的“擺pose”。 刨根問(wèn)底,我們拉來(lái)pose(擺放/放置)的一個(gè)relative(親戚),就是position(位置):the latter(后者)是the former的名詞形式,直系親屬。 比如為照相而pose,不就是將身體的相關(guān)部件擺放于合適的位置嗎(put them in proper position)? 看一句比較變態(tài)的話: The journalist composed an article to expose a scandal concerning the disposal of rubbish, imposing great pressure on the government and pose threat to the position of some . 記者創(chuàng)作了(compose)一篇文章以曝光(expose)一起與垃圾處理(dispose)有關(guān)的丑聞,給政府造成巨大壓力(impose pressure on)。 明眼人可看出里面有個(gè)六口之家:compose, expose, compose, impose, pose, position。 pose是一個(gè)動(dòng)作,前面的詞頭往往表示一下方向或者特征:com=together(寫(xiě)文章就是將字碼在一起,又稱(chēng)“碼字”;寫(xiě)樂(lè)曲是將豆芽菜堆在一起,又稱(chēng)“創(chuàng)作”);ex=out(好理解吧);dis=否定/分開(kāi)/不同,與com相反,如處理垃圾是將垃圾拿到外面去);impose與pose都不要單獨(dú)記憶,因?yàn)閕mpose pressure on主要取決于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),既然是“壓力”,自然是施加壓力、造成壓力等,正如pose threat to也就是“造成威脅、帶來(lái)威脅” 回到主題詞oppose,是置于反面,故為“反對(duì)”。 Those who oppose are referred to as opponents. 反對(duì)的人,被稱(chēng)為反對(duì)者。 Those who support are called supporters. 支持的人被稱(chēng)為支持者。 Those who advocate are referred to as advocates. 倡導(dǎo)的人被稱(chēng)為倡導(dǎo)者。(注意advocate名動(dòng)同形。) 由此可見(jiàn)op應(yīng)該有“反對(duì)”之意,確實(shí)如此:op=ob=against。 b與p長(zhǎng)得本來(lái)也有點(diǎn)像,要說(shuō)有什么不同,就像一把掃帚,你是倒掛于墻上,還是正立于屋角。再看其它evidence/proof(證據(jù))。 I object to his the project, fearing potential ecological disasters. 我反對(duì)這一工程,害怕潛在的生態(tài)災(zāi)難。 I am opposed to the project, considering not so desirable precedents. 我反對(duì)這一工程,是考慮到一些不那么美好的先例。 I oppose the project, afraid of possible obstacles in the process of mass migration. 我反對(duì)這一工程,擔(dān)心在大規(guī)模移民過(guò)程中可能出現(xiàn)的種種障礙。 關(guān)注一下obstacle也是親戚;障礙也就是對(duì)抗我們的東西。 harm 關(guān)于arm, arms, army, harm的邪說(shuō)八道: Soldiers have arms. 當(dāng)兵的都有胳臂。 Previously, the soldiers have their arms on their arms. 過(guò)去,當(dāng)兵的將武器扛在胳臂上。 Soldiers with arms on their arms compose the army. 扛武器的士兵組成了軍隊(duì)。 The arms damage the soldiers' arms; the army harms (or "does harm to") the world. 武器傷害了士兵的胳臂,而軍隊(duì)損害了整個(gè)世界。 說(shuō)到the arms(武器),不能不提海明威的《永別了,武器》(Farewell, Arms)。 提到the army, 也不能不提到the US Navy, 以及the air force。早期的軍隊(duì),應(yīng)該是只有陸軍一種,用一個(gè)the army就可以了。后來(lái)海陸空分開(kāi)來(lái)。美國(guó)就有the US Navy指海軍,the air force自然指空軍,而the army有可能指的是陸軍,也可能指整個(gè)“軍隊(duì)”。而如要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地指“陸軍”,估計(jì)要主the land force吧。 |