考研英語同位語從句翻譯方法

　　英語的同位語從句是用以解釋說明前面某一名詞的內容的，也就是將這一名詞的含義具體化，其地位和此名詞是同等的。從句常用that或whether來引導。同位語從句常用來說明fact, theory, sense, question, conclusion, news, experience, evidence, proof, condition, law, conjecture, doubt等詞的具體含義。

　　翻譯此類從句時，一般有兩種處理方法：一種把從句譯成一個獨立的句子，并在其前加即…，這…等詞，或在從句所修飾的名詞之后加冒號或破折號；二是用的字把從句放在它所修飾的詞之前。如：

　　Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.（2000年）

　　結構分析：句子的框架是Furthermore, it is obvious that…, and that….這是典型的句型It+is+obvious+that clause. It是形式主語，真正的主語是由連詞and連接的兩個并列的主語從句:A.that the strength is…bound with…, B.and that this…rests upon the efforts….第一個主語從句中的詞組be bound up with是與…有關聯之意；在第二個主語從句中，代詞this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,譯為效率的提高。

　　參考譯文：再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經濟實力與其工農業生產效率密切相關，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。熟能生巧

　　There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.（1999年）

　　結構分析：句子的框架是There is no agreement whether…or….主句是There is no agreement,agreement后面緊跟了由whether引導的同位語從句作同位語；在同位語從句中，謂語動詞短語refers to跟了兩個由連詞or連接的并列賓語:A.the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; B.the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.在第一個賓語中，形容詞詞組peculiar to historical work和介詞詞組in general作后置定語修飾the concepts;在第二個賓語中同樣有形容詞詞組appropriate to…of historical inquiry作后置定語修飾the research techniques.

　　參考譯文：所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個具體領域適用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。