<專業英語>:預習輔導之海運運費(3)
來源:貨運代理考試網發布時間:2011-09-27
三、決定運費的因素
英文原文:When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”。
注釋:determine: 決定,確定,測定 consider: 考慮,照顧 stowage factor: 積載因數(stowage: 裝載,裝載量 factor: 因素,要素,因數) distance: 距離,在這里引申為“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 運輸量,交通量 bear: 負擔,承受
中文意思:在確定運費率時,承運人還將考慮積載因數,航程以及一個很古老的原則,即“運輸所能承受”的原則。
英文原文:In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.
注釋:in fact: 實際上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地,非常 rated: 定價的,額定的 subsidize: 補償,資助
中文意思:實際上,“運輸所能承受”原則是指高費率的商品可以補償較低費率的商品。
英文原文:This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual unit costs.
注釋:commonly: 普通地,一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在過去 cost of service: 服務成本
computation: 計算,估計 unit: 個體,(計量)單位:
中文意思:“運輸所能承受”原則在過去比“服務成本”原則更為普遍的采用,這是由于實際單位成本計算時所涉及到的問題。
英文原文:However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.
注釋:however: 可是,無論如何,仍然 containerization: 貨柜運輸,貨柜裝貨 standardized: 標準的,定型的 calculation: 計算,考慮 per unit: 每個單位 heterogeneous: 不同種類的 break bulk cargo:件雜貨
中文意思:但是,計算貨柜運輸的標準貨物單位的集裝箱化使得計算此種單位貨物服務成本比不同種類的件雜貨的服務成本容易得多。
英文原文:The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.
注釋:therefore: 因此,所以 increasingly: 日益,愈加 nowadays: 現今,現在 particularly: 獨特地,顯著地 with a view to: 著眼于,以…為目的,考慮到 fighting: 挑戰性的,適于戰斗的 competition: 競爭
中文意思:特此考慮到競爭因素,如今承運人日益采用“服務成本”原則。
歷年考題:
When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( ) principle nowadays.
A. open market rate
B. surcharges
C. service cost
D. stowage factor
答案:C
分析:決定運價水平高低取決于許多因素,最初的“運輸所能承受”原則,現在逐漸被考慮服務成本原則所替代。
英文原文:The open market rates are also taken into account. When commodities move in large quantities and are susceptible to charter competition, the rates may be left “open” so that a liner has the option of charging whatever is considered appropriate in the competitive situation.
注釋:open market rate: 公開市場費率 take into account: 重視,考慮 susceptible:易受影響的 so that : 所以option: 選擇權 charge: 收費,要價 appropriate: 適當的 competitive: 競爭的
中文意思:公開市場費率同樣受到關注。當貨物運輸的數量大且易受到租船業務競爭的影響時,為了適合競爭環境,因此費率可能會公開,所以班輪運輸在運費價格方面有了可供選擇的權利。
英文原文:The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as currency adjustment factor (CAF), the bunker adjustment factor (BAF) and port congestion surcharges.
注釋:be subject to: 受…影響的 surcharge: 附加費用 adjustment factor: 調整因素 levy: 征收 from time to time: 有時 in order to: 為了 enable: 使能夠 shipping line: 航運公司 variation: 變化,變更 input: 投入 currency adjustment factor: 貨幣貶值調整因素,貨幣貶值附加費 bunker adjustment factor: 燃油價格調整因素,燃油附加費 port congestion surcharge: 港口擁擠附加費(congestion: 擁塞)
課文意思:班輪費率也受附加費和其他調節因素的影響而變化,這些費用可能會被不時征收以使航運公司應付投入中的價格變化,比如貨幣貶值的影響,燃油價格變化的調整因素和港口擁擠附加費。