考研英語真題——96年閱讀題再思考

　　下面這段詞句比較復(fù)雜，同學(xué)們要確保自己真正看懂看透，要理解長句的結(jié)構(gòu)，要認識每一個詞和詞語（我配上譯文，以便大家自我檢測理解是對還是不對，尤其帶色部分和劃線部分）。

　　The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large，impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class，an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century，America，Africa，India，Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital，and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes，and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.

　　60. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in .

　　A. the separation of capital from management

　　B. the ownership of capital by managers

　　C. the emergence of capital and labor as two classes

　　D. the participation of shareholders in municipal business

　　有限責(zé)任公司和市政企業(yè)的增長具有重大的意義。這種對資本和企業(yè)的大規(guī)模的、不帶個人色彩的操作極大地增加了持股階層的數(shù)量和重要性，這個階層是國家生活的重要元素，它代表了無需承擔(dān)責(zé)任的財富與土地和土地擁有者的職責(zé)分開（持股者光拿錢，不承擔(dān)管理經(jīng)營責(zé)任，不像以前的地主，有土地財富，但要自己經(jīng)營）；也與企業(yè)的責(zé)任管理脫鉤。十九世紀(jì)中，美洲、非洲、印度、澳洲以及歐洲都被英國的資本開發(fā)著，英國的持股者就因為世界的工業(yè)化而大發(fā)其財。Bournemouth和Eastbourne這樣的城鎮(zhèn)紛紛涌現(xiàn)，從而為那些憑自己的收入而退休的、大量的“舒適”階層提供住處，這些人除了在領(lǐng)取紅利或者參加股東會議對管理層發(fā)號施令的時候之外，與社區(qū)其他人沒有交往。從另一方面說，“持股”意味著休閑和自由，這正好被后維多利亞時代的人們用來建設(shè)一個崇高而偉大文明（意思是：有一部分人休閑和自由，才能去進行文明的更多偉大的創(chuàng)建，英國也才更發(fā)達）。

　　Q60，答案為A，選項中的separation…from…替換了原文的detached from…而已。