名詞（代詞）+ 現在分詞The question being settled， we went home.問
題解決之后，我們就回家了。We shall play the match tomorrow， weather permitting.
明天假設天氣好，我們就進行比賽。The monitor being ill ， we ‘d better
put the meeting off.班長病了，我們最好還是延期開會吧。2.名詞（代詞）+
過去分詞The job finished， we went home.工作結束后我們就回家了。The last
bus having gone ， we had to walk home. 最后一班公車已經走了，我們必須
走路回家。More time given ， we should have done the job much better.
如果給我們更多的時間，我們會把工作做得更好。

    名詞（代詞）+ 不定式如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會議推遲到下周。 So
many people to help him ， he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人來幫助他，
他一定會成功的。4.名詞（代詞）+ 介詞短語The soldiers dashed in， rifle
in hand.士兵們端著槍沖了進來。A girl came in， book in hand.一個少女進
來了，手里拿著書。He was waiting， his eyes on her back.他在等著，眼睛
望著她的背影。5.名詞（代詞）+ 形容詞或副詞He sat in the front row ， his
mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半開著。She sat at the table， collar off
，head down， and pen in position， ready to begin the long letter.她坐
在桌前，衣領已New Roman'">She sat at the table， collar 解掉，頭低了下
來，拿好鋼筆，準備開始寫一封長信。6. There being +名詞（代詞）There being
nothing else to do， we went home.沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。There
being no further business ， I declare the meeting closed.沒有再要討論
的事了，我宣布散會。7. It being + 名詞（代詞）It being Christmas， the
government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節的緣故，政府機關都休息。It being
a holiday ， all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。

    注：獨立主格結構有時可在其前加上介詞with. 如：Don ‘t sleep with the
windows open. 別開著窗睡覺。

    他低著頭站在老師面前。他低著頭站在老師面前。He was lying on the bed
with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。She came in with a book in her
hand. 她手里拿著一本書走了進來。He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
他沒熄燈就睡著了。I won ‘t be able to go on holiday with my mother being
ill.因為媽媽有病，我無法去度假。He sat there with his eyes closed.他閉
目坐在那兒。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午
他都鎖著門在房里工作。I can ’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。