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考研英語(yǔ)范文閱讀模擬試題及答案解析(六)

作者:   發(fā)布時(shí)間:2009-04-22 17:38:40  來(lái)源:
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A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
  
  For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.
  
  The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.
  
  Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
  
  As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
  
  55. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.
  
  (A)rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
  
  (B)small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
  
  (C)Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
  
  (D)most Americans are ready to offer help
  
  56. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
  
  (A)culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
  
  (B)courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
  
  (C)various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
  
  (D)social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
  
  57. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ________.
  
  (A)to improve their hard life
  
  (B)in view of their long-distance travel
  
  (C)to add some flavor to their own daily life
  
  (D)out of a charitable impulse
  
  58. The tradition of hospitality to strangers ________.
  
  (A)tends to be superficial and artificial
  
  (B)is generally well kept up in the United States
  
  (C)is always understood properly
  
  (D)has something to do with the busy tourist trails
  
  答案及試題解析
  
  55.(D)意為:大部分美國(guó)人樂(lè)于助人。
  
  文章第一句指出,去過(guò)美國(guó)的人所帶回的印象總是(consistently):大多數(shù)美國(guó)人表現(xiàn)為友好、禮貌、樂(lè)于助人。本文從歷史及文化的角度探討了產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象的原因。
  
  A 意為:粗魯?shù)某鲎廛?chē)司機(jī)在美國(guó)罕見(jiàn)。
  
  B 意為:心胸狹窄的官員值得嚴(yán)肅的一提(或:應(yīng)受?chē)?yán)肅的批評(píng))。
  
  C 意為:加拿大人不如其鄰國(guó)(當(dāng)主要指美國(guó))人民友好。
  
  注意:(A)、(B)、(C)表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)都不是第一段中所提到的訪美者的觀點(diǎn),第一段的第二、三、四句表達(dá)的是本文作者的觀點(diǎn)。在作者看來(lái),公平地講,許多到過(guò)加拿大的人對(duì)加拿大人也有同感,因此可以說(shuō):這是一種北美現(xiàn)象-北美人大都友好、禮貌、樂(lè)于助人。同時(shí),在他看來(lái),這種情況也有例外:心胸狹隘的官員、粗魯?shù)氖陶摺o(wú)禮的出租車(chē)司機(jī)也不乏其人,但總的來(lái)看這并不構(gòu)成主流。
  
  56.(A)意為:文化影響社會(huì)關(guān)系。
  
  最后一段的第一句是全段的主題,該句可譯為:像其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣,在美國(guó),人際關(guān)系的背后是一系列復(fù)雜的文化符號(hào)、信念和習(xí)俗。換言之,美國(guó)的文化決定了美國(guó)人的行為。
  
  B 意為:禮貌的習(xí)慣與個(gè)人興趣互相影響。最后一段第五句可譯為:僅靠在公共汽車(chē)上瞬時(shí)相遇來(lái)區(qū)別禮貌是出自于文化習(xí)慣還是個(gè)人的興趣是不夠的。根據(jù)本段的主旨和全文的主旨,這句話應(yīng)該理解為:判斷一個(gè)人表現(xiàn)出的禮貌行為究竟僅產(chǎn)生于其個(gè)人素質(zhì)還是產(chǎn)生于文化的熏陶,僅看其個(gè)別的、偶然的行為是不行的。換言之,如果他隨時(shí)隨地表現(xiàn)為禮讓?zhuān)蛘撸绻钤谀骋粎^(qū)域或國(guó)家的人都表現(xiàn)為禮讓?zhuān)悄悴拍芘卸ǘY貌行為不是一種個(gè)人現(xiàn)象,而是一種社會(huì)文化現(xiàn)象。
  
  C 意為:各種美德僅表現(xiàn)在朋友關(guān)系中。這一點(diǎn)文章最后一段沒(méi)提到。最后一段所舉的朋友一詞的例子旨在說(shuō)明:在不同文化中,相同的概念未必有同一內(nèi)涵或外延。
  
  D 意為:社會(huì)關(guān)系等于一系列復(fù)雜的文化習(xí)俗。根據(jù)該段第一句,二者是決定與被決定關(guān)系,并非等同關(guān)系。見(jiàn)上文分析。
  
  57.(C)意為;為自己的日常生活增添情趣。
  
  第二段指出,在美國(guó)歷史的很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期(即所謂拓荒時(shí)代),對(duì)許多地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō),一個(gè)旅行者的到來(lái)是很受歡迎的,因?yàn)樗梢詫?duì)平時(shí)單調(diào)的生活起一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)(break)作用。離群索居的家庭共同的問(wèn)題是日常生活的單調(diào)與寂寞,陌生人或旅行者的到來(lái)可以使他們暫時(shí)擺脫這種生活狀況,另外。他們也可以因此獲得外界信息。
  
  A 意為:改善艱苦的生活。根據(jù)上文分析可見(jiàn),陌生人受歡迎的原因主要是因?yàn)樗麄兯鶐?lái)的精神效應(yīng),而非物質(zhì)生活效應(yīng)。第三段提到,拓荒地區(qū)(frontier)的殘酷現(xiàn)實(shí)也是形成美國(guó)人禮貌傳統(tǒng)的原因。一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的旅游者有問(wèn)題自然求助于路邊最近的居住點(diǎn),這對(duì)旅游者來(lái)說(shuō)不是一個(gè)選擇問(wèn)題(即:他別無(wú)選擇),對(duì)就近的定居者來(lái)說(shuō),提供必要的幫助也不僅僅是出于憐憫(charitable impulse)。這反映的是日常生活的嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實(shí):如果定居者不接收并幫助他,就沒(méi)有別人了,另外,有一天定居者本人也可能處于同一境地。
  
  B 意為:考慮到他們所做的長(zhǎng)途跋涉。
  
  D 意為:出于憐憫。見(jiàn)上文分析。
  
  58.(B)意為:在美國(guó)得以廣泛的保持。
  
  第二、三段探索了形成美國(guó)人友善好客傳統(tǒng)的原因之后,第四段指出,雖然現(xiàn)在有許多專(zhuān)門(mén)的機(jī)構(gòu)幫助旅行者,但是,友善好客的舊傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)仍根探蒂固,這突出表現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)離旅游熱線的一些小城市中。本段最后一句指出,許多美國(guó)人隨意表現(xiàn)出的友善不應(yīng)該被看作是表面或虛假的應(yīng)酬,而應(yīng)該看作是一種歷史文化現(xiàn)象。另外,文章最后一段指出,友善好客是倍受美國(guó)人珍視的美德,他們同樣希望鄰國(guó)人和其他外國(guó)人也表現(xiàn)出這一美德。
  
  A 意為:經(jīng)常是表面上的、虛假的。見(jiàn)上文分析。
  
  C 意為:總是能被正確理解。相反,第四段指出,許多外國(guó)人對(duì)美國(guó)人的一些友好表示感到不可思議(amazing),這反映了他們對(duì)美國(guó)歷史文化傳統(tǒng)的不理解。參閱第四段第三、四、五句。
  
  D 意為:與一些旅游熱線有關(guān)。不對(duì),見(jiàn)上文分析。
  
  翻譯句子
  
  1、Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.
  
  [參考譯文] 陌生人和旅游者是受歡迎的消遣的來(lái)源,他們帶來(lái)外部世界的新聞。
  
  [結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是 Strangers and travelers were…and brought…。
  
  [閱讀重點(diǎn)] 注意 diversion 在這里的含義是解悶,取樂(lè)的事情,消遣,娛樂(lè),而不是轉(zhuǎn)移,轉(zhuǎn)向的意思。
  
  2、The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
  
  [參考譯文] 許多美國(guó)人的這種隨意的友好態(tài)度不應(yīng)該被看成是膚淺的或虛假的,而應(yīng)該被作為一種歷史上發(fā)展而來(lái)的文化傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)果來(lái)解釋。
  
  [結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 這個(gè)句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是 The casual friendliness should be interpreted neither as A nor B…but as C,使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其中 neither…nor… 結(jié)構(gòu)后用的是同樣詞性的成分:形容詞 superficial 和 artificial。
  
  [閱讀重點(diǎn)] 注意 neither…nor…but 結(jié)構(gòu)的使用:既不是……也不是……而是……,重點(diǎn)在but之后。as the/a result of:作為……的結(jié)果,由于……而……。
  
  3、As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
  
  [參考譯文] 就如同在任何一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)里一樣,在美國(guó),所有社會(huì)相互關(guān)系下面都隱含著一系列復(fù)雜的文化信號(hào)、假設(shè)和傳統(tǒng)觀念。
  
  [結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是 … cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies…interrelationships。
  
  [閱讀重點(diǎn)] 注意 as 在這里是一個(gè)代詞,表示這一情況,這一事實(shí)。可以參考以下的例句來(lái)理解 as 的用法:The night had turned cold, as is usual around here. 夜晚變得很冷,在這一帶經(jīng)常如此。
  
  補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
  
  1、There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

  [參考譯文] 當(dāng)然,例外是存在的。在美國(guó),心胸狹窄的官員,粗魯?shù)氖陶撸蜎](méi)有禮貌的出租車(chē)司機(jī)也并不少見(jiàn)。然而人們常常得出這樣的觀察意見(jiàn),這使得它值得被討論一下。
  
  [結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 第一個(gè)句子使用了 there be 句型,其中 of course 是插入語(yǔ)。第二句是主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。第三句話中使用了 so…… that 結(jié)構(gòu):其中 made so frequently 是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),修飾前面的 observation。

  [閱讀重點(diǎn)] 第一句中的 of course 作插入語(yǔ),用逗號(hào)與句子的其它部分分開(kāi),在開(kāi)始閱讀的時(shí)候可以不看。注意第二句話中使用了雙重否定表示肯定:hardly unknown 等于pretty well-known。另外注意 so…that 結(jié)構(gòu)的用法:太……以至于。另外 observation 這里的意思是因觀察而得出的意見(jiàn)。另外 it deserves comment 中的 it 指代前面的 observation。
  
  2、Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn exce to the nearest cabin or settlement.

  [參考譯文] 一個(gè)人獨(dú)自旅行的時(shí)候,如果餓了,受傷了或生病了,除了最近的小屋或者村落就無(wú)處可以投靠了。
  
  [結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。traveling alone 是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾前面的 someone, if hungry, injured, or ill… 實(shí)際上是簡(jiǎn)略的 if 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于 if (he is) hungry, injured, or ill,這里作插入成分。另外 have sth.+動(dòng)詞不定式 這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞不定式通常是相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)部分,修飾前面的 sth.,這里就是:沒(méi)有可以投靠(to turn to/動(dòng)詞不定式)的地方(nowhere/sth.)。
  
  [閱讀重點(diǎn)] 注意 turn to 這里的引申含義是投靠、求助于、求教于的意思。
  
  3、It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.

  [參考譯文] 對(duì)于旅行者來(lái)說(shuō),這不是一個(gè)可以有多個(gè)選擇的問(wèn)題,對(duì)于村落里的定居者來(lái)說(shuō),這也不僅僅是一個(gè)發(fā)善心的沖動(dòng)行為。
  
  [結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 句子的主干 It was not a matter of choice…or merely a charitable impulse…是主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。表語(yǔ)由并列的兩部分組成,由 or 來(lái)連接。
  
  [閱讀重點(diǎn)] on the part of 相當(dāng)于前面的 for,意思是在……方面、對(duì)……而言。
  
  語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)詳解
  
  1. courteous 有禮貌的

  [大綱詞匯] courtesy n.謙恭有禮,有禮貌的舉止(或言詞)

  [衍生詞匯] courteous a.謙恭有禮的,殷勤的

  [經(jīng)典例句] His boss is genuinely courteous to his subordinates.
  
  2. to be fair 公平地說(shuō)

  [經(jīng)典例句] To be fair,his success owes much to his wife's help.
  
  3. exception 特例

  [大綱詞匯] exception n.例外,除外 with the exception of 除……之外

  [經(jīng)典例句] His brothers are all very tall,but he is an exception.
  
  4. small-minded 心胸狹窄的

  [擴(kuò)充詞匯] small-minded a.心胸狹隘的,眼界小的;固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)的

  [聯(lián)想記憶](méi) far-sighted a.有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的 clear-headed a.頭腦清楚的
  
  5. ill-mannered 無(wú)禮的

  [擴(kuò)充詞匯] ill-mannered a.無(wú)禮的,舉止粗魯?shù)?br />  
  6. be hardly known 幾乎無(wú)人知道

  [經(jīng)典例句] The truth of the incident was hardly know to anyone.
  
  7. break 中止

  [大綱詞匯] break n.打斷,中止;中間休息

  [經(jīng)典例句] We have a study break of four days every semester.
  
  8. otherwise 不然

  [大綱詞匯] otherwise ad.另樣地,用別的方法;在其他方面;conj.要不然,否則

  [經(jīng)典例句] He reminded me what I should have otherwise forgotten.
  
  9. existence 生活

  [大綱詞匯] existence n.存在,實(shí)在;生存,生活(方式)

  [經(jīng)典例句] They are working for a better existence.
  
  10. live distant from 住得離…很遠(yuǎn)

  [經(jīng)典例句] He lives distant from his other relatives.
  
  11. diversion 消遣

  [大綱詞匯] diversion n.轉(zhuǎn)向,轉(zhuǎn)移

  [擴(kuò)充詞義] diversion n.消遣,娛樂(lè)

  [經(jīng)典例句] Big cities have a lot of diversions.
  
  12. harsh 嚴(yán)酷的

  [擴(kuò)充詞匯] harsh a.粗糙的,難聽(tīng)的,嚴(yán)厲的,嚴(yán)酷的 harshness n.粗糙,嚴(yán)酷,嚴(yán)厲

  [經(jīng)典例句] Their adaptiveness came from coping with harsh conditions.
  
  13. the frontier(美國(guó))靠近未開(kāi)發(fā)地區(qū)的已開(kāi)發(fā)地區(qū)

  [大綱詞匯] frontier n.國(guó)境,邊境;尖端,新領(lǐng)域
  
  14. hospitality 好客

  [大綱詞匯] hospitality n.好客,殷勤,款待  

  [衍生詞匯] hospitable a.好客的,殷勤的

  [經(jīng)典例句] We were deeply moved by the hospitality of the farmers.
  
  15. settlement 定居點(diǎn)

  [大綱詞匯] settlement n.解決,決定,調(diào)停;居留區(qū),住宅區(qū)

  [經(jīng)典例句] Israelis and Palestinians have serious disputes over Israeli new settlements.
  
  16. injured 受傷的

  [大綱詞匯] injure v.損害,傷害,損傷

  [衍生詞匯] injured a.受損害的,受傷的

  [經(jīng)典例句] He found his injured finger caused a lot of trouble.
  
  17. charitable 樂(lè)善好施的

  [大綱詞匯] charity n.慈善(團(tuán)體),仁慈,施舍

  [衍生詞匯] charitable a.慈悲的,仁愛(ài)的,慷慨施舍的

  [經(jīng)典例句] He always takes part in charitable activities.
  
  18. impulse 沖動(dòng)

  [大綱詞匯] impulse v.推動(dòng); n.推動(dòng);沖動(dòng),刺激

  [經(jīng)典例句] She tried to repress the impulse to dial his number.
  
  19. on the part of 就…而言;在…一邊

  [經(jīng)典例句] He expressed appreciation on the part of his classmates.
  
  20. take in 收留

  [大綱詞匯] take in 接受,吸收;了解,理解;欺騙

  [經(jīng)典例句] Andy took in a stray dog.
  
  21. take care of 照料

  [大綱詞匯] take care of 照料,照顧;承擔(dān),處理,負(fù)責(zé)

  [經(jīng)典例句] He asked his girl friend to take care of his dog while he went away for business.
  
  22. specialize in 專(zhuān)門(mén)從事

  [經(jīng)典例句] The company specialize in car manufacture.
  
  23. weary 疲倦的

  [大綱詞匯] weary a.疲倦的;令人厭煩的;v.使疲倦,使厭倦

  [經(jīng)典例句] The pilot was extremely weary with the long time flying.
  
  24. travel through 經(jīng)過(guò)

  [經(jīng)典例句] I was travelling through when I saw the accident.
  
  25. amazing 令人驚訝的

  [大綱詞匯] amaze v.使驚奇,使驚愕,使驚嘆 amazing a.令人驚訝的

  [經(jīng)典例句] The acrobatic show was amazing to all of us.
  
  26. superficial 表面的

  [大綱詞匯] superficial a.表面的,膚淺的,淺薄的

  [經(jīng)典例句] We were not satisfied with the superficial explanation of the incident.
  
  27. artificial 矯揉造作的

  [大綱詞匯] artificial a.人工的,人造的;認(rèn)為的,矯揉造作的

  [經(jīng)典例句] She was wearing an artificial smile when appearing at the door.
  
  28. the result of ……的結(jié)果

  [大綱詞匯] result n.結(jié)果,成果,成績(jī)v.(in)導(dǎo)致,結(jié)果是;(from)起因于,因…而造成 as a result 結(jié)果,因此 as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果

  [經(jīng)典例句] We regard our failure as the result of his carelessness.
  
  29. a set of 一套

  [經(jīng)典例句] We expect that a set of rules and regulations will be drawn up.
  
  30. convention 習(xí)俗

  [大綱詞匯] convention n.大會(huì),會(huì)議;慣例,常規(guī),習(xí)俗;公約,協(xié)定

  [經(jīng)典例句] Convention now permits women to wear more colorful clothing.
  
  31. underlie 潛存于…之下

  [大綱詞匯] underlying a.含蓄的,潛在的;在下面的

  [衍生詞匯] underlie v.引起,潛存于…之下

  [經(jīng)典例句] Many facts underlay my decision.
  
  32. interrelationship 互相之間的關(guān)系

  [構(gòu)詞方法] inter-前綴,表示互相,在…之間

  [聯(lián)想記憶](méi) interact v.互相作用 interdependent a.互相依賴(lài)的
  
  33. draw conclusion 下結(jié)論

  [經(jīng)典例句] He drew the final conclusion through careful analysis.
  
  34. distinguish 分辨

  [大綱詞匯] distinguish v.(from)區(qū)分,辨別;辨認(rèn)出;使杰出

  [經(jīng)典例句] It is very hard to distinguish the two colors.
  
  35. keep up 保持

  [大綱詞匯] keep up 保持,維持;繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,堅(jiān)持

  [經(jīng)典例句] The lady always keep up her genuine warmth to people.
  
  全文翻譯
  
  去美國(guó)訪問(wèn)的人經(jīng)常帶回報(bào)告說(shuō),大多數(shù)美國(guó)人對(duì)他們友善、好客、樂(lè)于助人。公正的說(shuō),人們對(duì)加拿大人也有這樣的評(píng)論,因而,應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)為這是北美普遍的現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)然也有例外。在美國(guó),心胸狹隘的官員,舉止粗魯?shù)恼写秃翢o(wú)禮貌的出租車(chē)司機(jī)也并非罕見(jiàn)。盡管有不如意的地方,但因?yàn)槿藗兂35贸?a target="_blank" class="infotextkey">美國(guó)人好客的觀察意見(jiàn),因而也就值得議論一番了。
  
  過(guò)去很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,在美國(guó)很多地方,旅行者的到來(lái)因暫時(shí)打破原本的單調(diào)生活而受人歡迎。無(wú)聊、孤獨(dú)是居住相對(duì)遙遠(yuǎn)的家庭的普遍問(wèn)題。陌生人和旅行者很受歡迎,他們帶來(lái)了娛樂(lè)消遣,還帶來(lái)了外面世界的消息。
  
  開(kāi)拓者的嚴(yán)酷生活現(xiàn)實(shí)也促成了這一好客的傳統(tǒng)。單獨(dú)旅行時(shí),如果挨餓、受傷或生病,通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。對(duì)旅行者來(lái)說(shuō),這不是一個(gè)選擇的問(wèn)題;而對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚?lái)說(shuō),這也并非是行善的一時(shí)沖動(dòng)。它反映了日常生活的嚴(yán)酷:如果你不收留他,那他便無(wú)處求助了。請(qǐng)記住,有一天你也可能處于相同的境遇。
  
  如今,有了很多的慈善組織專(zhuān)門(mén)幫助疲憊的旅行者。不過(guò),熱情接待陌生人的傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)仍然很盛行,尤其是在遠(yuǎn)離旅游熱線的小城鎮(zhèn)。我只是路過(guò),和這個(gè)美國(guó)人聊了聊。很快,他就請(qǐng)我到他家吃飯-這真令人驚奇。來(lái)美國(guó)的旅客談?wù)摯祟?lèi)事件很普遍,但并非總能得到正確理解。很多美國(guó)人不經(jīng)意表現(xiàn)的友好不應(yīng)被看做是表面或虛假的應(yīng)酬,而應(yīng)該看成是文化傳統(tǒng)的歷史發(fā)展結(jié)果。
  
  同任何發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣,一系列復(fù)雜的文化特征,信念和習(xí)俗構(gòu)成了美國(guó)所有社會(huì)交往的基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)然,會(huì)講一種語(yǔ)言并不意味著就理解該語(yǔ)言的社會(huì)和文化模式。不能正確詮釋文化含義的旅行者往往得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。例如,美國(guó)人所說(shuō)的朋友一詞,其文化含義可能與旅行者語(yǔ)言和文化中的朋友大相徑庭。要想正確區(qū)分禮貌是出于文化習(xí)俗還是個(gè)人興趣,單憑一次公共汽車(chē)上的偶遇是不夠的。不過(guò),友好是很多美國(guó)人推崇的美德,同時(shí)希望鄰居和陌生人也能如此。

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