2010年《貨代英語》預習:決定運費的因素(1)
來源:來源于網絡 發布時間:2010-02-06
三、決定運費的因素 (考試重點)
3-1 課文:When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”.
注釋:determine: 決定,確定,測定 consider: 考慮,照顧 stowage factor: 積載因數(stowage: 裝載,裝載量 factor: 因素,要素,因數) distance: 距離,在這里引申為“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 運輸量,交通量 bear: 負擔,承受
課文意思:在確定運費率時,承運人還將考慮積載因數,航程以及一個很古老的原則,即“運輸所能承受”的原則。
3-2 課文:In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.
注釋:in fact: 實際上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地,非常 rated: 定價的,額定的 subsidize: 補償,資助
課文意思:實際上,“運輸所能承受”原則是指高費率的商品可以補償較低費率的商品。
3-3 課文:This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual unit costs.
注釋:commonly: 普通地,一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在過去 cost of service: 服務成本
computation: 計算,估計 unit: 個體,(計量)單位:
課文意思:“運輸所能承受”原則在過去比“服務成本”原則更為普遍的采用,這是由于實際單位成本計算時所涉及到的問題。
3-4 課文:However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.
注釋:however: 可是,無論如何,仍然 containerization: 貨柜運輸,貨柜裝貨 standardized: 標準的,定型的 calculation: 計算,考慮 per unit: 每個單位 heterogeneous: 不同種類的 break bulk cargo:雜貨,普通貨物
課文意思:可是,計算貨柜運輸的標準貨物單位的服務成本要比不同種類的普通貨物的服務成本容易得多。
3-5 課文:The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.
注釋:therefore: 因此,所以 increasingly: 日益,愈加 nowadays: 現今,現在 particularly: 獨特地,顯著地 with a view to: 著眼于,以…為目的,考慮到 fighting: 挑戰性的,適于戰斗的 competition: 競爭
課文意思:特別考慮到競爭因素,因此如今承運人日益采用“服務成本”原則。