3-6 課文：The open market rates are also taken into account. When commodities move in large quantities and are susceptible to charter competition, the rates may be left “open” so that a liner has the option of charging whatever is considered appropriate in the competitive situation.

　注釋：open market rate:　公開市場費率　take into account: 重視，考慮 susceptible:易受影響的　so that : 所以option: 選擇權 charge: 收費，要價 appropriate: 適當的 competitive: 競爭的

　　課文意思：公開市場費率同樣受到關注。當貨物運輸的數量大且易受到租船競爭的影響時，為了適合競爭環境，因此費率可能會公開，所以班輪運輸在運費價格方面有了可供選擇的權利。

　　3-7 課文：The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as currency adjustment factor (CAF), the bunker adjustment factor (BAF) and port congestion surcharges.

　　注釋：be subject to: 受…影響的 surcharge:　附加費用　adjustment factor: 調整因素 levy: 征收 from time to time: 有時 in order to: 為了 enable: 使能夠 shipping line: 航運公司 variation: 變化，變更 input: 投入 currency adjustment factor:　貨幣貶值調整因素，貨幣貶值附加費　bunker adjustment factor: 燃油價格調整因素，燃油附加費 port congestion surcharge: 港口擁擠附加費(congestion: 擁塞)

　　課文意思：班輪費率也受附加費和其他調節因素的影響而變化，這些費用可能會被不時征收以使航運公司應付投入中的價格變化，比如貨幣貶值的影響，燃油價格變化的調整因素和港口擁擠附加費。

　　1.The total costs of providing the service of transportation consist of fixed costs and ( ) -2004年單選題

　　A. variable costs

　　B. administrative costs

　　C. costs of repairs

　　D. costs of crew

　　答案：A

　　分析：班輪運費總的費用包括固定成本和可變成本兩個部分。

　　2.When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( ) principle nowadays.

　　A. open market rate

　　B. surcharges

　　C. service cost

　　D. stowage factor

　　答案：C

　　分析：決定運價水平高低取決于許多因素，最初的“運輸所能承受”原則，現在逐漸被考慮服務成本原則所替代。

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