You've worked hard to make your house a beautiful, peaceful haven--but even super-tidy homes can harbor unwelcome germs. But, not to worry: health.com have tracked down these germs and come up with simple strategies to get rid of them.
你已經(jīng)非常努力地讓你的家成為一個(gè)美麗、安寧的庇護(hù)所，但即使超級(jí)干凈的家也會(huì)藏匿有討厭的細(xì)菌。不過(guò)不用擔(dān)心，“健康”網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)追蹤到這些細(xì)菌，并想出了一些能夠消除它們的簡(jiǎn)單策略。
1. Your toothbrush牙刷
The human mouth contains about 100 million microbes per milliliter of saliva. Those microbes eat the same food you do, and when you brush, food particles and bacteria stick to your toothbrush.
在人類(lèi)的口中，每毫升唾液含有大約一億個(gè)細(xì)菌。那些細(xì)菌和你吃同樣的食物，當(dāng)你刷牙時(shí)，食物殘?jiān)图?xì)菌會(huì)粘在你的牙刷上。
Simple Fix 簡(jiǎn)單解決辦法
After brushing, rinse your toothbrush with hot water and stand it up in a water glass to air-dry. Don't lay it on the counter, where it can gather other bathroom germs, and don't store it in a travel case, where bacteria can thrive in the moisture. You can even clean your toothbrush in the dishwasher once in a while.
刷完牙后，用熱水清洗牙刷，并將刷頭朝上放在水杯中風(fēng)干。不要將牙刷放在浴室臺(tái)面上，這樣會(huì)吸收浴室里的其他細(xì)菌，也不要將牙刷放在旅行用的牙刷盒中，因?yàn)槌睗竦沫h(huán)境容易滋生細(xì)菌。你甚至可以偶爾將牙刷放在洗碗機(jī)中清潔一下。
2. Wet laundry剛洗好的濕衣服
There's a tenth of a gram of feces hiding in every pair of underwear, and washing doesn't always remove it all. That means you can get E. coli on your hands every time you transfer underwear from the washer to the dryer. And a single soiled undergarment can spread those dangerous bacteria to the whole load.
每件內(nèi)衣上都隱藏著十分之一克排泄物，而洗往往是洗不干凈的。那也就是說(shuō)你每次將內(nèi)衣從洗衣機(jī)放入干衣機(jī)時(shí)手上都會(huì)沾上大腸桿菌。一件臟的內(nèi)衣會(huì)將那些危險(xiǎn)的細(xì)菌傳播給整堆衣物。
Simple Fix 簡(jiǎn)單解決辦法
Think 150 degrees, the temperature at which you should run your washer and dryer, to kill bacteria. Wash underwear separately, and wash whites with bleach, which kills 99.99% of bugs. Transfer wet laundry to the dryer quickly so germs don't multiply; dry for at least 45 minutes (or until the load is fully dry). Wash your hands after doing laundry, and run a cycle of bleach and water after laundering unmentionables3 to eliminate any lingering germs.
洗衣機(jī)和干衣機(jī)的溫度要調(diào)到 150華氏度(約65.5攝氏度)才能殺死細(xì)菌。內(nèi)衣要分開(kāi)洗，洗白色內(nèi)衣時(shí)加入漂白劑能夠殺死99.99%的病菌。將洗好的濕衣服快速放入干衣機(jī)里，這樣細(xì)菌才不會(huì)繁殖。要至少烘干45分鐘(或者直到衣服完全烘干)。洗完衣服后要洗手，并在洗完內(nèi)衣后，在洗衣機(jī)里倒入漂白劑和水運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，以清除內(nèi)衣留下的細(xì)菌。
3. The bathtub/shower浴缸/淋浴間
Every time you take a bath or shower, you remove germs and viruses from your body. But all the bad stuff doesn't conveniently slide down the drain; some of it thrives if those surfaces stay moist.
每次你泡澡或淋浴時(shí)，都從身上洗掉了細(xì)菌和病毒。但所有那些臟東西并沒(méi)有順帶著流入下水道，如果地面是潮濕的，其中一些細(xì)菌又會(huì)死灰復(fù)燃。
Simple Fix 簡(jiǎn)單解決辦法
Use a disinfecting cleanser once a week on the bathroom floor and sides of the tub and shower; rinse well and dry the surfaces with a towel. Keep the shower dry on a daily basis by using a squeegee4, and disinfect the squeegee weekly, too.
每周用消毒清潔劑清洗浴室地面、浴缸外側(cè)以及淋浴間，然后用毛巾擦干。每天用刮水器保持淋浴間干爽，每周還要給刮水器消毒。
4. Your cell phone and other tech stuff你的手機(jī)以及其他科技產(chǎn)品
The things you touch a zillion times a day--iPhone, BlackBerry, keyboard, computer mouse--are big carriers of germs.
你每天碰觸無(wú)數(shù)次的東西——iPhone、黑莓手機(jī)、鍵盤(pán)、電腦鼠標(biāo)—都是細(xì)菌的集中攜帶者。
Simple Fix 簡(jiǎn)單解決辦法
Clean the surfaces of your phone or other tech devices with a disinfecting product. Any antibacterial wipe will work; just don't get your sensitive equipment too wet.
用消毒產(chǎn)品擦拭手機(jī)或其他科技產(chǎn)品的表面。任何抗菌擦拭用品都可以，只要不要把你易損壞的產(chǎn)品弄得太濕就行了。
5. Kitchen sink, countertop, and sponges廚房洗滌槽、工作臺(tái)面和清潔海綿
There are lots of places for germs to hang out in the kitchen, including the drain in your sink, the countertop, and the sponges, rags, scrubbers. But for every germy hot spot in the kitchen, there's a smart and simple way to clean up.
廚房里有很多地方可供細(xì)菌棲身，比如洗滌槽里的排水管、工作臺(tái)面、清潔海綿、抹布和擦洗工具。不過(guò)針對(duì)廚房里每個(gè)經(jīng)常會(huì)有細(xì)菌的地方，都有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的清潔妙招。
Simple Fix 簡(jiǎn)單解決辦法
After you rinse or cook food, clean the sink, counters, and faucet with soap and water or an antibacterial cleanser. It's tempting to leave your cleaning implement--a damp rag or sponge--hanging around to use the next day, but that could create a germ breeding ground. Instead, sanitize1 your sponge or brush in the dishwasher and your dishrags in the washing machine. To really disinfect the sink and drain, clean them twice a week with a solution of one tablespoon of bleach and one quart of water: scrub the basin, then pour the solution down the drain.
洗完食物或烹飪完食物后，用肥皂和水，或者用抗菌清潔劑清洗洗滌槽、廚房臺(tái)面以及水龍頭。人們往往將濕抹布、清潔海綿等清潔用品懸掛起來(lái)第二天繼續(xù)使用，不過(guò)那樣也會(huì)使它們成為細(xì)菌的滋生地。不要那樣做，而是將清潔海綿或清潔刷放入洗碗機(jī)里消毒，將抹布放入洗衣機(jī)里清洗。若想要真正為洗滌槽和排水管消毒，每周用一湯匙漂白劑和一夸脫 (約946毫升)水的混合溶液清洗兩次：先擦洗洗滌槽，然后將混合溶液倒入排水管。
6. Your cutting boards切菜板
Washing your food before eating removes some germs, of course, and cooking meat kills dangerous bacteria like salmonella. And you probably know it's smart to chop meats and veggies on separate boards. Still, almost 25% of food-sickness outbreaks are the result of kitchen mistakes, such as using contaminated cutting boards.
食物在吃前洗一下當(dāng)然能夠去除一些細(xì)菌，肉經(jīng)過(guò)烹飪可以殺死沙門(mén)氏菌等有害細(xì)菌。你可能知道切肉和切蔬菜的切菜板最好分開(kāi)。不過(guò)，仍有差不多25%因食物引起的疾病都是由于廚房操作錯(cuò)誤造成的，比如使用了被污染的切菜板。
Simple Fix 簡(jiǎn)單解決辦法
If your food doesn't smell or feel right, throw it out. As for your cutting board, use glass or plastic, both of which are nonporous and most resistant to germs. When you're done with the board, wash it in hot, soapy water, and then spray it with a mixture of one teaspoon of bleach to 16 ounces of water that you keep in a clearly labeled spray bottle. Finally, rinse the cutting board again with hot water or toss it in the dishwasher. Got a beat-up board? Replace it. Bacteria can hide in a cutting board with lots of knife-cut indentations2.
如果你的食物聞起來(lái)或摸上去感覺(jué)不對(duì)，那么就該扔掉。玻璃或塑料材質(zhì)的切菜板不會(huì)滲漏，預(yù)防細(xì)菌滋生效果最好。用完切菜板后，用熱的肥皂水清洗，然后在16盎司(約28毫升)水中加入一茶匙漂白劑，將此混合液倒入一個(gè)噴霧瓶中，標(biāo)識(shí)清楚，然后噴些混合液在切菜板上。最后，再次用熱水沖洗切菜板，或者將它放入洗碗機(jī)里清洗。你的切菜板已經(jīng)破舊了嗎？換掉它。細(xì)菌可能會(huì)隱藏在切菜板上菜刀切破的凹口里。 |
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