2011年10月自考英語考前要點復習(32)

　　本課主要構詞法

　　Affixation　　(詞綴法)

　　1. 反意詞前綴un- 　　　unusual，unwilling

　　2. 形容詞后綴-y 　　　salty

　　3. 名詞后綴-or 　　　sailor

　　Compounding 　　(合詞法)

　　1. 復合名詞 　　　highway，steamship，airplane

　　2. 復合形容詞 　　　mid-Atlantic，eastward

　　本課簡介

　　The Atlantic Ocean向讀者介紹了有關大西洋的情況。我們可以了解航行大西洋的過去和現在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出來的世界之最。

　　本課主要語言點

　　1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

　　在表示河流，海洋，群島，沙漠等地理名稱的名詞前，以及以復數形式出現的國名前要用定冠詞，例如：the Yellow River(黃河)，the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)，the British Isles (不列顛群島)，the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠)，the Alps(阿爾卑斯山脈)， the Philippines (菲列賓)

　　在表示某一座山，島嶼或某一個湖時不用定冠詞，例如：Yellow Mountain(黃山)，Lake Erie(伊利湖)，Hainan Island(海南島)

　　one of +復數名詞是英語中常見的用法，請翻譯下面的句子：

　　She is one of the most hardworking students in our class.　(她是我們班學習最刻苦的學生之一。)

　　Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.(上海是世界最大的城市之一。)

　　印度是世界上人口最多的國家之一。　(India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world.)

　　尼羅河是世界上最長的河流之一。(Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.)

　　在one of +復數名詞+定語從句的結構中，定語從句一般被看作修飾復數名詞，因此該從句中的謂語要用復數形式。例如：

　　This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.　(這是今年出版的最佳小說之一。)

　　Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.(史密斯先生屬于那些總是認為自己正確的人。)

　　He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.(他不是那種在困難面前低頭的人。)

　　但是在the only one of +復數名詞+定語從句的結構中，定語從句應該被看成修飾單數名詞。例如：

　　He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher.　(他是男孩中唯一受到老師表揚的。)

　　Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up.　(海倫是那些女孩中唯一不化妝的。)

　　separate from是常用詞組，在句子中的意思是“(使)分離，(使)分開”，請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)英吉利海峽把英法兩國隔開。(The English Channel separates England from France.)

　　2)理論不應該脫離實際。(Theory should not be separated from practice.)

　　the Old world指歐，亞，非三洲，有時僅指歐洲。the New (World) 指哥倫布發現的美洲大陸。

　　2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.

　　for centuries 意為“許多世紀”。在英語中用介詞for加表示時間的復數名詞的表達形式很常見。請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)I haven't seen you for days. How is everything?(多日不見，一切都好嗎?)

　　2)I haven't seen him for years， I am sure he has changed a lot.　(我多年沒見到他了，他一定變了不少。)

　　3)It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been?(我似乎等了你幾個世紀了，你去哪兒了?)

　　keep… from doing 是習慣用法，意思是“使…不…”。

　　例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父親不抽煙真不容易。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy.　(大霧使得船只未被敵人發現。)

　　2)We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter.　(我們沒有辦法使他不卷入那事件中去。)

　　3)那種藥使他的咳嗽不再加劇。　(The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.)

　　4)當地人的保守思想使得那個地方不能快速發展。

　　(The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.)

　　3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.

　　make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意為“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他對工作的冷漠態度使得所有的人都不愿與他合作。)

　　主語+動詞+賓語+補語(SVOC)的句型在課本第二單元的語法中已有較詳細的論述。請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed.　(他在晚宴上的行為使主人很惱火。)

　　2)That film made him famous.(那部影片使他出了名。)

　　3)他剛才的一番話使瑪麗很傷心。(What he said just now made Mary very sad.)

　　4)老師對他作文的評價令他失望。　(The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.)

　　5)What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.(他的所為使得他的朋友們對接受邀請猶豫不決。)

　　6)他的揮霍浪費使得他的父母不愿意再給他錢。(His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.)

　　4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

　　Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

　　這兩個都是表語從句和主句中的系動詞連用的句子。結構為：主語+系動詞+表語從句。請看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我們應該盡快跟他聯系。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.(我的建議是我們應該把會議延期。)

　　2) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.　(太陽能的一個優點是用之不竭。)

　　3) 問題是你不在時誰照管孩子。　(The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.)

　　4) 看起來天要下雨。(It looks that it is going to rain.)

　　請注意辨析another 和other：

　　another由 an+other構成，只和單數可數名詞連用。other可用于所有名詞前。another+單數名詞表示不定的“另一個”，the other+單數可數名詞表示特指的“另一個”。

　　請看下面的例句：

　　1) This idea is not very practical， will you think of another one?　(這個主意不太實際，你能另想一個嗎?)

　　2) This book is too difficult. Show me another one.(這本書太難了，給我看另外一本。)

　　3) Of the three books in my bag， two are published in China， the other is published in the United States.(我包里的三本書中，兩本是中國出版的，另一本是美國出版的。)

　　4) Tom is here， but where are the other boys?(湯姆在這兒，其他的男孩在哪兒呢?)

　　5) I like this coat better than the other one.(兩件上衣中，我更喜歡這一件。)

　　6) This camera is more expensive than the other one.(這架照相機比另一架貴。)

　　boiling hot意思是“滾熱的，酷熱的”。此處的boiling不是形容詞而是副詞，表示熱的程度，修飾hot.

　　5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.

　　此句中，that引導的名詞性從句作形容詞的補足語。例如：

　　1) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.　(我擔心我兩小時內寫不完這篇文章。)

　　2) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.　(他擔心他不能給你一個明確的答復。)

　　3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(我擔心自己犯了一個錯誤。)

　　4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties.　(我們相信自己能克服所有的困難。)

　　對“be + 形容詞 + that引起的從句”這類結構，語法家們有的認為that從句做賓語用，有的認為that從句做狀語用。根據句子的邏輯意義來判斷也許比較方便一些。如：I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 這個句子中的that從句起狀語作用，相當于“…because you failed the exam again.”

　　6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，…

　　在第一單元中我們討論過副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類句子中，可以有表示程度的狀語。例如：

　　1) This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書還不如那本書一半有趣。)

　　2) My monthly income is only half as much as his.(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)

　　3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.(我們學校今年的招生人數將是前年的三倍。)