三長兩短一并列搞定高考英語長難句(2)
1. “三長”
(1) 介詞短語
【定義】從介詞開始到名詞結束、表達一個獨立的完整的含義的結構。
【起止標識】標記介詞短語時,要從介詞開始到介詞之后的第一個名詞終止。如:at home、in the school、in the beautiful park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、for three weeks、to the destination
【例句】 (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).
(2) 從句
【定義】從句是復合句中不能獨立成句,但具有主語部分和謂語部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等關系詞引導的非主句部分。
【起止標識】標記從句時,一定從關系詞開始,到以下四種終止。
① 到句尾終止,如:Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English).
② 到句中的逗號終止,如:(When I was young), I listened to the radio.
③ 到下一個修飾成分終止,如:I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing. (to Beijing是介詞短語,屬于另一個修飾成分,故從句的標記在此處終止)
④ 到下一個謂語動詞終止,如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
(3) 非謂語動詞短語
【定義】非謂語動詞是指動詞在句子中“不是謂語”時的幾種變化形式,主要包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞)三類。非謂語動詞不能獨立作謂語,而是充當句子的其他成分。由非謂語動詞開頭的、表示一個獨立、完整的含義的結構叫做非謂語動詞短語。
【起止標識】標記非謂語動詞短語時,一定是從動詞不定式(to do)、動名詞(doing)或分詞(現在分詞doing或過去分詞done)開頭,到以下四種情況終止。
① 到句尾終止,如:Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English).
② 到句中的逗號終止,如:(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.
③ 到下一個修飾成分終止,如:Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介詞短語,屬于另一修飾成分。)
④ 到下一個謂語動詞終止,如:We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.
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