六級(jí)漢譯英講義
一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序
(一)漢譯英應(yīng)試原則
手法靈活(如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說(shuō)法表達(dá))
語(yǔ)法正確(避免時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤)
內(nèi)容忠實(shí)(必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪)
語(yǔ)言閃光(譯文符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣)
(二)漢譯英基本程序
1.理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義
2.翻譯 確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞
3.審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯;其次，檢查是否有語(yǔ)言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫(xiě)、大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，及時(shí)改正。
二、漢譯英專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
2) This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
4) The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
5) They _______________(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).
二、時(shí)態(tài)
1) Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).
2) When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡(jiǎn)歷).
5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒(méi)有度假了).
6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).
2) The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
3) Computer models _______________(可以用來(lái)演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).
4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).
5) _______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒(méi)人接聽(tīng)。她一定不在家).
2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢(mèng)見(jiàn)什么可怕的東西了).
4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
5) _______________(其實(shí)我沒(méi)必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) I wish _______________(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).
2) If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).
4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問(wèn)題).
5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說(shuō)似的).
6) We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).
7) It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).
8) His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)來(lái)檢查這個(gè)問(wèn)題).
9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我們?cè)谝粋�(gè)總是下雨的國(guó)家還缺水).
11) It is essential that _______________(每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).
12) _______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).
14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會(huì)濕的).
15) _______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now.
16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
17) But for his help, _______________(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).
18) I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會(huì)花更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).
19) Were I in your place, _______________(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).
20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項(xiàng)法案早就通過(guò)了).
21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人類(lèi)的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).
22) He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒). |
