一、國際銷售交易中付款方式的介紹。
　　1-1 課文：In international sales transactions, different methods of payment are adopted, depending mainly upon the relationship between the seller and the buyer.
　　注釋：transaction: 交易，事務，處理 method: 方法 adopt: 采用，收養 depend upon:　依賴，依靠(= depend on) relationship: 關系
　　課文意思：在國際銷售交易中，會采用不同的付款方式，這要依賴于賣方和買方之間關系。
　　1-2 課文:　For example, if the seller and buyer know each other and have a long-standing business relationship, they may transact business on trust and the seller may periodically send invoices to the buyer for settlement.
　　注釋：for example: 例如 know: 了解，認識，熟悉 each other:彼此，互相　long-standing: 長期存在的 on trust : 不加考察，賒賬periodically:　周期性地，定時性地　invoice: 發票 settlement:　結算，解決
　　課文意思：例如，如果賣方和買方相互熟悉并且長期存在業務合作關系，(在這種情況下)他們在操作業務上會采用賒賬的方式，賣方會定時地將發票提供給買方進行結算。
　　1-3 課文：Payment may also be made by other methods such as “cash with order” when the buyer sends a cheque or a bank draft with his order, or by “documentary collection”， When the seller sends the relevant documents to his bank for release of payments by the buyer in the buyer’s country on the buyers’ acceptance or payment, as may be specified in the documents.
　　注釋：cash with order: 憑指示付款　cheque: 支票 bank draft: 銀行匯票 documentary collection: 跟單托收 relevant:　相關的，相應的　document: 單證 release:　釋放，讓渡 acceptance: 接受，承諾 specify:指定，詳細說明
　　課文意思：也可以通過其他方式付款，如“憑指示付款”，即買方寄出指示性支票或銀行匯票，買方根據賣方的指示來獲得現金，或者也可以用“跟單托收”，即一經買方承兌或付款，賣方就按單匯要求把有關單匯送到自己開戶行，等待買方通過賣方所在國付款。
　　1-4 課文：But in many cases, the seller and the buyer do not know each other and located in countries thousands of miles apart. They are not in a position to conduct their commercial transactions on trust. The seller is reluctant to part with his goods unless he is assured of possession of the goods.
　　注釋：case: 情形，案例，場合 locate: 位于 mile:英里　apart:　分開，分離，分別地 in a position to: 能夠 conduct:管理，操作　　commercial transaction:　貿易事務，商業交易　be reluctant to: 不愿意去做…，勉強去做… part with:　賣掉，放棄，喪失　be assured of: 確定… possession: 擁有，所有，占有，財產
　　課文意思：但是在很多情況下，買賣雙方都互不認識，并且各自位于相隔幾千英里的國家。他們不能以賒賬的方式來操作他們的貿易交易。如果沒有確認貨物的所有權，賣方不愿意賣掉貨物。
　　1-5 課文： In order to reconcile the conflicting interests of both the parties and to provide a mechanism for payment in such situations, the International Chamber of Commerce has evolved what is known as “Documentary Credit”.
　　注釋：in order to :　為了...　reconcile: 使和解，使和諧，使順從 conflicting:　相沖突的，不一致的，相矛盾的　interest:　利益，利害　mechanism:　機制，機構 evolve:　(使)發展　documentary credit: 跟單信用證
　　課文意思：為了平衡貿易雙方的利益，在這種情況下，國際商會提供并發展了“跟單信用證”這一付款機制。
　　1-6 課文：In simple terms, documentary credit means payment against documents instead of against goods. The documents transfer title to the goods.
　　注釋：in simple terms:簡單的說　payment against documents：付款交單　instead of:　代替，而不是　transfer: 轉移，轉讓 title: 權利，物權
　　課文意思： 簡單的說，信用證的意思是付款交單而不是付款交貨。 使用單證將貨物的物權轉移。
　　二、UCP 跟單信用證統一慣例 (考試重點)
　　2-1. 課文：The “Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits” (UCP) published by the International Chamber of Commerce contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation of documentary credit.
　　注釋： Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits: 跟單信用證統一慣例(簡稱：UCP) publish:　發布，出版 International Chamber of Commerce: 國際商會(簡稱：ICC) contain:　包含　provision:　條款，規定 deal with: 涉及，處理
　　課文意思：“跟單信用證統一慣例”是由國際商會頒布的，包含了涉及跟單信信用證操作的具體規定。
　　2-2 課文：It has been accepted and adopted by banks and banking associations throughout the world.
　　注釋：accept: 接受，承認 adopt: 采用，收養 banking: 銀行業 association: 協會，聯合 throughout the world:　全世界
　　課文意思：全世界的銀行和銀行協會都接受并采用了跟單信用證統一慣例。
　　2-3 課文：It has brought the UCP into line with established and foreseeable practices regarding containerized transport and trade facilitation, the use of electronic data processing and the development of new types of credit like deferred and stand-by credits.
　　注釋：bring… into line with…: 使…與…一致 established: 已制定的，確定的 foreseeable: 可預知的，能預測的，能看透的 practice: 實行，慣例，實踐 containerized:　用集裝箱裝的　facilitation: 簡易化，助長 electronic data:　電子數據　processing: 處理 deferred：延期的，緩召的(deferred credit: 延期付款信用證) stand-by credit:　背對背信用證
　　課文意思： 這使得跟單信用證統一慣例在各方面與已制定的和可預知的慣例相一致，比如關于集裝箱運輸和貿易簡易化，電子數據處理和新的類型信用證的發展，如延期付款信用證和背對背信用證。
　　2-4 課文：As the documentary credit is operated through banks, therefore, it has certain advantages to both the seller and buyer: for the seller, it is a bank undertaking to which he can look for payment; for the buyer, it is a conditional undertaking where payment can be made on his behalf only against the documents which will transfer to him the title to the goods.
　　注釋：through: 通過 therefore: 因此，所以 certain: 確定的，某一個，無疑的，必然的 advantage: 優勢，利益，有利條件 undertake:承擔，保證 look for: 尋找，期待 conditional: 有條件的
　　課文意思： 由于跟單信用證是通過銀行操作的，因此對于買賣雙方無疑都是有益的：
　　對于賣方：銀行承兌付款。(保證了賣方及時得到貨款)
　　對于買方：只要憑單付款銀行就可以將貨物的所有權轉交給買方。(保證了買方及時得到貨物)
　　三、跟單信用證的具體操作( 9個步驟) (考試重點)
　　1. A local buyer agrees to buy goods from an overseas seller and under the sales contract, payment is to be made by banker’s letter of credit. 當地買方同意從海外賣方那里購買合同項下的貨物，并在合同中規定使用信用證支付。(注釋：agree to:同意)
　　2.To fulfill the contract, the buyer arranges with his bank to open a letter of credit for his account in favor of the overseas seller . 履行合同，買方通知當地銀行(開征行)為其賬戶開立以海外賣方為受益人的信用證。(注釋：fulfill: 履行 open a letter of credit: 開立信用證 account:　賬目　in favor of: 贊同，有利于，在這里引申為“以...為受益人” )
　　3.The buyer is not required to pay for the goods until the arrival of the relevant shipping documents. 買方不需要立即付款，直到相關的運輸單據到達后付款。( be required to : 需要做…; arrival: 到達)
　　4. The seller，on receipt of a letter of credit, will have to prepare shipment of the contract goods within the delivery date. 賣方，在收到信用證之后，必須在裝運期內安排合同項下貨物的備好裝船。(注釋：on receipt of:　收到…之后)
　　5. Once shipment of the goods is completed, the seller will be able to present all the documents to the negotiating bank for payment under the terms of the credit.　賣方一旦完成貨物裝運后，按照信用證條款將所有運輸單據提交給押證銀行(議付行)進行議付。(注釋：completed:　完成的，全部的　be able to:　能夠　present：呈遞，遞交　negotiating bank:　議付行(押證銀行)
　　6. The negotiating bank should ensure that the seller’s documents are drawn up in accordance with the credit terms before such documents are paid for and forwarded to the issuing bank for final reimbursement. 議付行確保賣方擬呈的單據與信用證條款一致后，并在付款前將單據轉交給開證行進行最終的付款。(注釋：ensure：確保，保證 draw up: 草擬 in accordance with:　與...一致，依照　forward: 轉遞，轉寄 issuing bank: 開征行 reimbursement:　付還，退還)
　　7. When the opening bank receives the negotiated documents it will make up a debit note showing the total cost due and request payment from the buyer. 當開證行收到議付單據后，對買方發出列明所有應付費用的收款票要求買方付款。(注釋：opening bank: 開證行 negotiated:　議付的　make up:編制，編輯　debit note:　收款票，借方通知　due: 應付的)
　　8.Once the buyer accepts that the documents are in compliance with the terms of the letter of credit he must settle the bill in order to obtain the shipping documents so that he will be able to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent. 買方一旦接受與信用證條款相符的單據后，在支付款項并獲得裝運單據后，從承運人或其代理那里憑單據提取貨物。(注釋：in compliance with:　符合，順從　settle：結清，付還　bill: 賬單，票據，清單 obtain:　獲得)
　　9.On settlement of the bill, the whole operation of documentary credit will be regarded as completed. 在付款后，即完成了跟單信用證的整個操作。(注釋：whole: 整個的，完全的 completed: 完成的，完全的)
　　四、課后習題
　　4-1 單選題
　　1.Documentary credit means payment against ( )
　　A. goods
　　B. documents
　　C. acceptance
　　D. shipment
　　答案：B
　　2. All the letter of credit are operated by (　　)
　　A. Buyers
　　B. Sellers
　　C. Banks
　　D. commission agents
　　答案：C
　　3.Under L/C, the buyer will pay for the goods until the arrival of the ( )
　　A. goods
　　B. relevant shipping documents
　　C. notice
　　D. confirmation
　　答案：B
　　4. The UCP contains the detailed provisions regarding ( )
　　A. the operation of contract
　　B. operation of documentary credit
　　C. international trade practice
　　D. marine transportation
　　答案：B
　　4-2 多選題
　　1.The documentary credit is advantage to ( )
　　A. Sellers
　　B. Buyers
　　C. Banks
　　D. freight forwarders
　　答案：AB
　　2. Under L/C payment terms, the beneficiary will receive payment from the negotiating bank on presenting of the shipping documents listed in the credit, these documents may include: ( )
　　A. Bill of Lading
　　B. Bill of exchange
　　C. Commercial invoice
　　D. Insurance policy
　　答案：ACD
　　3.The seller, upon receipt of the letter of credit, will have to: ( )
　　A. prepare shipment within the delivery date
　　B. draws up relevant documents according to L/C and present to bank for payment
　　C. inform the buyer to make payment
　　D. inform the buyer that the goods are ready
　　答案：AB
　　4-3 英漢互譯
　　1.英譯漢
　　1)straight bill of lading 2) order bill of lading 3) clean bill of lading 4) bank draft 5) negotiating bank 6) blank bill of lading 7) irrevocable letter of credit 8) documentary collection 9) methods of payment 10) International Chamber of Commerce
　　答案：1)記名提單2)指示提單　3)清潔提單　4)銀行匯票　5)押證銀行　6)不記名提單　7)不可撤銷信用證　8)跟單托收　9)付款方式　10)國際商會
　　2.漢譯英
　　1)跟單信用證　2)憑指示付款　3)開證行　4)跟單信用證統一慣例 5)付款交單 6)直達提單 7)延期信用證 8)背對背信用證 9)船運單據 10)貨物所有權
　　答案：1)documentary credit 2) cash with order 3) issuing bank 4) Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 5) payment against documents 6) direct bill of lading 7) deferred letter of credit 8) stand-by letter of credit 9) shipping documents 10) title to the goods。