考點三 名詞(詞組)作同位語
同位語主要由名詞詞組充當, 對其前面的名詞或代詞作補充說明,
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town.
例題:
(1)
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
(A) that institutes
(B) while instituted
(C) was an institution
(D) an institute
答案: (D)
解釋: 空白前的句子結構完整, 空格后的結構和賓語的很相似, (D)為名詞詞組, 構成賓語的同位語
(2)
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century.
(A) is the great modern choreographer
(B) one of the great modern choreographers
(C) that the great modern choreographers
(D) the modern choreographers were great
答案：B
解釋：此句主謂俱全, 空格設在主語和謂語之間, 且兩端都有逗號, 推知缺少的是主語的同位語, B是名詞詞組, 可以勝任；A D中的動詞與原句謂語沖突; C 不是完整的同位語從句
考點四 名詞(詞組)作定語
名詞修飾名詞作定語的現象在英語中也屢見不鮮, 此時前面的名詞相當于形容詞的作用, 只是依英語習慣決定究竟用名詞還是形容詞作定語, TOEFL有少量題涉及這一問題
這樣的詞語有：word order（詞序）， taxi driver（出租車司機）等
例題:
(1)
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, is a prosperous trading and distribute center.
應改為: distribution/ distributing.
解釋: 動詞distribute不能修飾名詞center，可改用名詞或分詞, 但此題中名詞distribution作定語更符合英文習慣
(2)
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.
應改為: color
解釋: 此處名詞color作effects的定語無需用復數, 意為色彩效果
