雅思閱讀基本功夯實之插入結構的判讀

      1 A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.

      結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中主句的是hears。(what is more)是插入語，而插入語并不重要。所以要先理解插入語兩端的內容，再理解插入語。因此，對于插入語，我們的處理方法是：“先讀兩端，再讀中間”。with后面的right…right…and right…是并列結構。

     翻譯：兒童從早到晚都能聽到別人在講（母語），而且更重要的是，聽到的總是一種正確的發音、語調、用詞以及語法結構的純正語言。

      2．Work, (for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under), involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.

      結構：只有一個謂語動詞：involves。(for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under)是插入語。本句的主干為：Work involves responsibility。for后面的內容修飾responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well為并列結構。

      翻譯：對于大多數美國和中國的55歲或者以下的婦女而言，工作的全部職責包括了負責家務、照顧孩子以及在家務之外還要上班。

     3．Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, (unless there was a ship nearby), would be on an island 885 miles away.

     結構：共有5個謂語動詞，主句謂語動詞為could not help。that引導think的賓語從句。could contact屬于定于從句，省略了引導詞，修飾person。unless引導條件狀語從句，為插入語。拆分為：

1) Still, he could not help thinking.

2) That if anything should happen.

3) The nearest person would be on … away.

4) he could contact the person.

5) Unless there was a ship nearby.

      翻譯：他仍然忍不住想到，如果發生了什么意外，那么除非附近有條船，否則他能用電臺聯系到的最近的人也885英里之外的島嶼上。

       4．Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, (at certain rare intervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.

      結構：只有1個謂語動詞：has。its…, its…, its…, and a…or a…是并列結構，作為has的賓語。(at certain rare intervals)是插入語。

     翻譯：然而，這另一種生活也有其情趣、快樂、滿足，而且也偶爾伴隨著平靜的喜悅或者突如其來的激動。

      5．Our knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

      結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中is not是主句的謂語動詞。while引導的讓步狀語從句，作為插入語，分隔了主語和系動詞。拆分為：

     1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

     2) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.

     翻譯：因此，雖然在很多方面，我們對社會體制的認識極度不準確，但是這些認識并不能夠被新的發現所正式推翻。

6．However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中is是主句的謂語動詞。because引導原因狀語從句。(no matter how virtuous)是插入語，分隔了從句的主語和謂語。拆分為：

1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality.

2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

翻譯：然而，自我實現對于道德而言至關重要，因為沒有自我實現的公民，無論多么有道德，都無法履行道德賦予他們的義務。

7． Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, (whether they work in manufacturing or services), will have the advantage and produce the wealth.

結構：共有4組謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為will become和will have and produce。whether引導讓步狀語從句為插入語。拆分：

1) Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people will have the advantages and produce the wealth.

2) People possess it.

3) Whether they work in manufacturing or services.

翻譯：信息和知識將會變得更加重要，而且掌握它們的人們，不論是在制造業還是服務業，都將會擁有優勢，創造財富。

     8．What I was being blamed for, (it turned out), was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.

      結構：共有5個謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為was。What引導主句從句。(it turned out)為插入語。拆分為：

      1) What I was being blamed for was a newspaper strike.

      2) The strike made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts.

      3) The inserts normally are included with the Sunday paper.

      翻譯：原來，我因為一場報紙行業罷工而受到責備。罷工造成不得不用人工把那些通常是夾在周日報紙里面的廣告插頁遞送出去。

      9．While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, (with an ingratiating smile on his false face), came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.

      結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為came up。(with an ingratiating smile on his false face)是插入語，分隔了主語和謂語。Ingratiating這個形容詞修飾smile，不認識也不妨礙理解。拆分為：

     1) The head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.

     2) While we were waiting for the coffee.

     翻譯：正在我們等咖啡上來的時候，領班面帶著奉承的微笑，走到我們跟前，帶來了一大籃子的特大蘋果。

      10．But a great book, (rich in ideas and beauty), (a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions), demands the most active reading of which you are capable.

     結構：共有3個謂語動詞，其中demands是主句謂語動詞。(rich in ideas and beauty)和(a book that…)是插入語。前者做a great book的后置定語，而后者是a great book的同位語，起補充說明的作用。that引導定語從句修飾book，which引導定語從句修飾reading。拆分為：

     1) A great book demands the most active reading.

     2) A book rises and tries to answer …questions.

     3) You are capable of the reading.

     翻譯：但是一本富于思想和美感的偉大的書能夠提出并試圖回答一些偉大的根本問題。這樣的書需要你盡最大所能來積極閱讀。

      11．You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, (so far as it goes), is a perfect induction.

結構：共有4個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為found和is.分號前后的兩句話是并列的主句。upon that等于because of that。第一個that指a general law。第二個that引導a general law的同位語從句。(so far as it goes)是插入語，意思是“迄今為止”。拆分為：

1) You found upon that a general law.

2) That all hard and green apples are sour.

3) And that is a perfect induction.

翻譯：由此你發現了一條普遍規律，即所有又硬又青的蘋果都是酸的。而且，迄今為止，這是一條不錯的歸納。

      12．It is, (everyone agrees), a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

      結構：共有6個謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為is和challenges。and連接兩個并列主句。(everyone agrees)為插入語。第二個that引導the fact的同位語從句。拆分為：

     1) It is a huge task.

     2) The child performs the task.

     3) When he learns to speak.

     4) The fact challenges explanation.

     5) That he does so in so short period of time.

     翻譯：每個人都同意，孩子學說話是件艱巨的任務，而且他們能在如此短時間內做到，確實需要好好解釋一下。

      13．Computer crime, (a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that  destroys data and programs), has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.

     結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中主句的為has grown。主干為Computer crime has grown at an alarming rate…。中間的(a phrase…programs)是插入語，雖然很長，但是即使看不懂也不重要，只要明白是在解釋computer crime即可。denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts …作為分詞修飾a phrase.steal or modify records, or to release …software為并列結構。called a virus修飾software.

     翻譯：隨著計算機通訊的發展，計算機犯罪已經在加速增長。計算機犯罪這個術語是指非法、秘密侵入數據庫盜取或修改數據記錄，或者在計算機網絡上散布病毒軟件來破壞數據和程序的行為。

      14． Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, (that is to say), of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.

      結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為must face.主干為：Britain must face the problem。 almost more than any other country in the world作為Britain的后置定語。(that is to say)是插入語，意為“也就是說”。 兩個of介詞短語都在修飾the problem.

      翻譯：英國幾乎比世界上任何國家都更加需要嚴肅對待向高空建筑房屋的問題，也就是說，要在很高的公寓樓里面容納下人口總數的一大部分的問題。