方式副詞位于動(dòng)詞之后:
She danced beautifully.
她舞姿優(yōu)美。
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí),它位于賓語(yǔ)之后:
He gave her the money reluctantly.
他勉勉強(qiáng)強(qiáng)地給了她錢(qián)。
They speak English well.
他們英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。
不要把副詞置于動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)之間。
遇到動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),副詞可置于介詞之前或賓語(yǔ)之后:
He looked at me suspiciously./He looked suspiciously at me.
他懷有疑心地打量著我。
但是,如果賓語(yǔ)由好幾個(gè)詞組成的時(shí)候,就要把副詞置于介詞之前:
He looked suspiciously at everyone who got off the plane.
他用懷疑的目光打量著每一個(gè)從飛機(jī)上走下來(lái)的人。
同樣,含動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)的句子中賓語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)短也決定副詞的位置。如果賓語(yǔ)較短,就用動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+副詞的語(yǔ)序,如上文B所述。但是,如果賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng),通常就把副詞置于動(dòng)詞之前:
She carefully picked up all the bits of broken glass.
她小心地揀起所有的碎玻璃片。
He angrily denied that he had stolen the documents.
他憤怒地否認(rèn)他偷了那些文件。
They secretly decided to leave the town.
他們秘密決定離開(kāi)這個(gè)城市。
注意:如果副詞置于從句或短語(yǔ)之后,則通常認(rèn)為它修飾從句或短語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞。因此,如果把上面最后一個(gè)例句中的se-cretly移到句末,就改變了句子的含義:
They secretly decided…
他們秘密決定……(決定本身是秘密的。)
They decided to leave the town secretly.
他們決定秘密地離開(kāi)這座城市。(“離開(kāi)”這個(gè)行動(dòng)是秘密的。)
表示性格和智力的副詞如foolishly,generously,kindly,stupidly等位于動(dòng)詞之前時(shí)表示行動(dòng)是愚蠢的/好意的/慷慨的等:
I foolishly forgot my passport.
我愚蠢地忘了我的護(hù)照。
He generously paid for us all.
他很慷慨地代我們?nèi)读隋X(qián)。
He kindly waited for me.
他好意地等著我。
Would you kindly wait?
請(qǐng)您稍候。
注意:也可以用下列句子表示這類(lèi)種意思:
It was foolish of me to forget.
我真蠢,竟然忘記了。
It was kind of him to wait.
多蒙他好心等候。
Would you be kind enough to wait?
勞駕您等一等,好嗎?(參見(jiàn)第252節(jié)。)
副詞可位于動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)之后,但句子意思就改變了:
He spoke kindly.
他說(shuō)得很和藹。相當(dāng)于:
His voice and words were kind.
他的聲調(diào)和話(huà)語(yǔ)都很和藹。
不同于:
It was kind of him to speak to us.
他跟我們說(shuō)話(huà),真是好心。
He paid us generously.
他付我們錢(qián)時(shí)出手很大方。相當(dāng)于:
he paid more than the usual rate.
他比一般的價(jià)格付得多。
不同于:
It was generous of him to pay us.
他付了我們錢(qián),真慷慨。
注意下面兩句間的區(qū)別
He answered the questions foolishly.
他對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做了愚蠢的回答。(他的回答是愚蠢的。)
He foolishly answered the questions.
他愚蠢地回答了問(wèn)題。
badly和well可用做方式副詞或程度副詞。作為方式副詞,它們可以位于主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞、賓語(yǔ)之后或者系動(dòng)詞與被動(dòng)形式之間:
He behaved badly.
他表現(xiàn)得很壞。
He read well.
他讀得很好。
He paid her badly.
他給她的錢(qián)很少。
She speaks French well.
她法語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。
She was badly paid.
她掙的錢(qián)很少。The trip was well organized.
旅行組織得很好。
badly作為程度副詞用時(shí)通常位于賓語(yǔ)之后或系動(dòng)詞與被動(dòng)形式之間:
The door needs a coat of paint badly./The door badly needs a coat of paint.
這門(mén)急需刷一層油漆。
He was badly injured in the last match.
在最后一場(chǎng)比賽中他受了重傷。
well(表示程度)和well(表示方式)可放在同樣的位置:
I’d like the steak well done.
我喜歡牛排烤得熟一點(diǎn)兒。
He knows the town well.
他對(duì)那座城市很了解。
Shake the bottle well.
充分晃動(dòng)瓶子。
The children were well wrapped up.
孩子們都穿戴得很暖和。
well的含義有時(shí)取決于它所在的位置。
注意以下區(qū)別:
You know well that I can’t drive.
你完全了解我不會(huì)開(kāi)車(chē)。(關(guān)于這件事你一點(diǎn)也不會(huì)懷疑。)
You know that I can’t drive well.
你知道我車(chē)開(kāi)得不好。(我不是一個(gè)好司機(jī)。)
well可放在may/might和could之后,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)行動(dòng)的可能性:
He may well refuse.相當(dāng)于:
It is quite likely that he will refuse.
他很可能會(huì)拒絕。
somehow,anyhowsomehow(以某種方法/不知怎地/總算是)可放在句首、不及物動(dòng)詞之后及賓語(yǔ)之后:
Somehow they managed.
他們總算是湊合下來(lái)了。
They managed somehow.
(譯文同上。)
They raised the money somehow.
他們想方設(shè)法把錢(qián)湊起來(lái)了。
anyhow作為方式副詞用是不常見(jiàn)的,但通常意為“無(wú)論如何/ 不管怎樣”。