復(fù)合句是TOEEL考題的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因而連接主句和從句的連接詞就成為重要的命題焦點(diǎn)。TOEEL常考的從屬連詞分三類(lèi)：（1）關(guān)系代詞( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 關(guān)系副詞（where when why how) (3) 狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有關(guān)從屬連詞的試題大部分集中在Structure (1-15題中) 掌握命題規(guī)律，這類(lèi)題目并不復(fù)雜。從屬連詞常考題型及解題要點(diǎn)
1. 主句與從句之間必須有從屬連詞
全真例題分析
(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.
(A) traps
(B) trap its
(C) which traps
(D) which it traps (92.1)
[答案] C 定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.
(A) there
(B) wherever
(C) somewhere
(D) then (92.5)
[答案] B 空格前后為兩個(gè)完整的句子，這里應(yīng)填入連接詞聯(lián)系主從兩句。四個(gè)選擇只有wherever是連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。
(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
(A) him
(B) although
(C) or
(D) who (92.10)
[答案] D 關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并作從句的主語(yǔ)。
(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
(A) A volcano erupts
(B) A volcano whether erupts
(C) A volcano erupts it
(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
[答案] D 從屬連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
2. 關(guān)系代詞 who與which混淆錯(cuò)用
解題要點(diǎn)：在written Expression (16-40題）中的四個(gè)選擇答案中出現(xiàn)who 或者which，應(yīng)確認(rèn)它所指代的是人還是物。
全直例題分析
(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)
[答案] C 關(guān)系代詞who指代的是sea，因此應(yīng)用指物的which或that。
(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
[答案] B 關(guān)系代詞which指代前面的persons，應(yīng)改為人稱(chēng)關(guān)系代詞who。
(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)
[答案] D 關(guān)系代詞who指代雜志the woman*s Advocate,故應(yīng)改為which。
(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)
[答案] B 關(guān)系代詞who指代前文的questions of law，故應(yīng)改為which或that。
3. 介詞＋關(guān)系代詞which結(jié)構(gòu)
解題要點(diǎn) 介詞＋which作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，在從句作狀語(yǔ)。可表示時(shí)間（＝when) ,地點(diǎn)(= where) ，原因（＝why）等等。
全真例題分析
(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.
(A) is which
(B) on which
(C) which is on
(D) on it (91.1)
[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞。
(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.
(A) through it
(B) through which
(C) that is through
(D) there goes through (93.3)
[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，而介詞through才能準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)句子的含義。
(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.
(A) which
(B) which in
(C) in which
(D) in (90.5)
[答案] C in which = where
(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.
(A) they were for
(B) for they were
(C) which were they
(D) for which they were (93.10)
[答案] D for which指代for the purpose。
4. What 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
解題要點(diǎn)：what兼先行詞和關(guān)系代詞雙重身份，即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生應(yīng)特別注意，what既已包含先行詞在內(nèi)，它的前面就不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)先行中心名詞。What 與that 的區(qū)分是TOEEL常考題目
全真例題分析
(1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio.
(A) there
(B) where
(C) that
(D) what (93.5)
[答案] D what = the area that。What所指代的是地點(diǎn)、位置。然而，此句卻不可選擇（B）where。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系副詞where不能作從句的主語(yǔ)。只有what即是先行詞又是關(guān)系代詞。
(2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil.
(A) it grows
(B) what grows
(C) does it grow
(D) what does grow (90.1)
[答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另請(qǐng)注意：介詞后面通常不能接that引導(dǎo)的從句，但可接what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
(3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door.
(A) the
(B) what
(C) those
(D) whose (88.10)
[答案] B what = the thing that…
(4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality.
(A) what it is conceived
(B) that is conceived
(C) what is conceived to be
(D) that is being conceived of (89.5)
[答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案（A）中的代詞it是多余的，因?yàn)閣hat本身即已包含了先行詞（the thing ) 和關(guān)系代詞(that) 。答案（B）中的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的從句不可以置于介詞的后面。
(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10
[答案] B what應(yīng)改為that。此句已含有先行詞food，不能再用關(guān)系代詞what。
5. 主句和從句
解題要點(diǎn) 主語(yǔ)從句是TOEEL常考而中國(guó)考生又較陌生英文文法結(jié)構(gòu)。有關(guān)主語(yǔ)從句的命題幾乎全部集中在structure (1-15題）中。主語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)是讀起來(lái)有種頭重腳輕的感覺(jué)，而且有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。連詞That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)特別留意。因?yàn)門(mén)hat 在句中沒(méi)有任何意義，它只具有引導(dǎo)出主語(yǔ)從句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。
全真例題分析
(1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
(A) For
(B) It was
(C) That
(D) While (91.1)
[答案] C That引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。其中第一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞could from 是從句的謂語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)系動(dòng)was是主句的謂語(yǔ)。
(2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
(A) Danger can be
(B) They can be dangerous
(C) What can be dangerous
(D) While danger (93.1)
[答案] C what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。What既是從句的連詞，又是從句的主語(yǔ)。
(3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research.
(A) Did the continents originate
(B) How did the continents originate
(C) Have the continents originated
(D) How the continents originated (91.1)
[答案] D How 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
(4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
(A) Technological
(B) That technological
(C)Although technological
(D)There is technological
[答案] B. That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)連續(xù)讀到兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，應(yīng)首先考慮主語(yǔ)從句。這是主語(yǔ)從句典型的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
